hsa01100 Metabolic pathways - Homo sapiens (human) hsa01200 Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa01210 2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa01212 Fatty acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa01230 Biosynthesis of amino acids - Homo sapiens (human) hsa01232 Nucleotide metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa01250 Biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars - Homo sapiens (human) hsa01240 Biosynthesis of cofactors - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00010 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00020 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00030 Pentose phosphate pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00040 Pentose and glucuronate interconversions - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00051 Fructose and mannose metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00052 Galactose metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00053 Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00500 Starch and sucrose metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00520 Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00620 Pyruvate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00630 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00640 Propanoate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00650 Butanoate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00562 Inositol phosphate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00190 Oxidative phosphorylation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00910 Nitrogen metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00920 Sulfur metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00061 Fatty acid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00062 Fatty acid elongation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00071 Fatty acid degradation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00100 Steroid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00120 Primary bile acid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00140 Steroid hormone biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00561 Glycerolipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00564 Glycerophospholipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00565 Ether lipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00600 Sphingolipid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00590 Arachidonic acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00591 Linoleic acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00592 alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa01040 Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00230 Purine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00240 Pyrimidine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00250 Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00260 Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00270 Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00280 Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00290 Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00310 Lysine degradation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00220 Arginine biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00330 Arginine and proline metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00340 Histidine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00350 Tyrosine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00360 Phenylalanine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00380 Tryptophan metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00400 Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00410 beta-Alanine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00430 Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00440 Phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00450 Selenocompound metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00470 D-Amino acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00480 Glutathione metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00510 N-Glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00513 Various types of N-glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00512 Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00515 Mannose type O-glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00514 Other types of O-glycan biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00532 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - chondroitin sulfate / dermatan sulfate - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00534 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - heparan sulfate / heparin - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00533 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - keratan sulfate - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00531 Glycosaminoglycan degradation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00563 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00601 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lacto and neolacto series - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00603 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globo and isoglobo series - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00604 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglio series - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00511 Other glycan degradation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00730 Thiamine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00740 Riboflavin metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00750 Vitamin B6 metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00760 Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00770 Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00780 Biotin metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00785 Lipoic acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00790 Folate biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00670 One carbon pool by folate - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00830 Retinol metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00860 Porphyrin metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00130 Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00900 Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00232 Caffeine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00524 Neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00980 Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00982 Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00983 Drug metabolism - other enzymes - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03020 RNA polymerase - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03022 Basal transcription factors - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03040 Spliceosome - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03010 Ribosome - Homo sapiens (human) hsa00970 Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03013 Nucleocytoplasmic transport - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03015 mRNA surveillance pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03008 Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03060 Protein export - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04120 Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04122 Sulfur relay system - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03050 Proteasome - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03018 RNA degradation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03030 DNA replication - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03410 Base excision repair - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03420 Nucleotide excision repair - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03430 Mismatch repair - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03440 Homologous recombination - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03450 Non-homologous end-joining - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03460 Fanconi anemia pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03082 ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03083 Polycomb repressive complex - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03250 Viral life cycle - HIV-1 - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03260 Virion - Human immunodeficiency virus - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03271 Virion - Rotavirus - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03264 Virion - Flavivirus - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03265 Virion - Ebolavirus and Lyssavirus - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03266 Virion - Herpesvirus - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03267 Virion - Adenovirus - Homo sapiens (human) hsa02010 ABC transporters - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04010 MAPK signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04012 ErbB signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04014 Ras signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04015 Rap1 signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04310 Wnt signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04330 Notch signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04340 Hedgehog signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04350 TGF-beta signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04390 Hippo signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04392 Hippo signaling pathway - multiple species - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04370 VEGF signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04371 Apelin signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04630 JAK-STAT signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04064 NF-kappa B signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04668 TNF signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04066 HIF-1 signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04068 FoxO signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04020 Calcium signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04072 Phospholipase D signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04071 Sphingolipid signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04024 cAMP signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04022 cGMP-PKG signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04151 PI3K-Akt signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04152 AMPK signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04150 mTOR signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04080 Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04061 Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04512 ECM-receptor interaction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04514 Cell adhesion molecules - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04144 Endocytosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04145 Phagosome - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04142 Lysosome - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04146 Peroxisome - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04140 Autophagy - animal - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04136 Autophagy - other - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04137 Mitophagy - animal - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04148 Efferocytosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04110 Cell cycle - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04114 Oocyte meiosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04210 Apoptosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04215 Apoptosis - multiple species - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04216 Ferroptosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04217 Necroptosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04115 p53 signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04218 Cellular senescence - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04510 Focal adhesion - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04520 Adherens junction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04530 Tight junction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04540 Gap junction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04550 Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04814 Motor proteins - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04820 Cytoskeleton in muscle cells - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04640 Hematopoietic cell lineage - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04610 Complement and coagulation cascades - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04611 Platelet activation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04613 Neutrophil extracellular trap formation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04621 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04622 RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04623 Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04625 C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04650 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04612 Antigen processing and presentation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04658 Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04659 Th17 cell differentiation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04657 IL-17 signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04664 Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04666 Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04670 Leukocyte transendothelial migration - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04672 Intestinal immune network for IgA production - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04062 Chemokine signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04911 Insulin secretion - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04910 Insulin signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04922 Glucagon signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04923 Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04920 Adipocytokine signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa03320 PPAR signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04929 GnRH secretion - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04912 GnRH signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04913 Ovarian steroidogenesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04915 Estrogen signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04914 Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04917 Prolactin signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04921 Oxytocin signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04926 Relaxin signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04935 Growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04918 Thyroid hormone synthesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04919 Thyroid hormone signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04928 Parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04916 Melanogenesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04924 Renin secretion - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04614 Renin-angiotensin system - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04925 Aldosterone synthesis and secretion - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04927 Cortisol synthesis and secretion - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04260 Cardiac muscle contraction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04261 Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04270 Vascular smooth muscle contraction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04970 Salivary secretion - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04971 Gastric acid secretion - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04972 Pancreatic secretion - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04976 Bile secretion - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04973 Carbohydrate digestion and absorption - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04974 Protein digestion and absorption - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04975 Fat digestion and absorption - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04979 Cholesterol metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04977 Vitamin digestion and absorption - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04980 Cobalamin transport and metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04978 Mineral absorption - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04962 Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04960 Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04961 Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04964 Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04966 Collecting duct acid secretion - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04724 Glutamatergic synapse - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04727 GABAergic synapse - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04725 Cholinergic synapse - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04728 Dopaminergic synapse - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04726 Serotonergic synapse - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04720 Long-term potentiation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04730 Long-term depression - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04723 Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04721 Synaptic vesicle cycle - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04722 Neurotrophin signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04744 Phototransduction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04740 Olfactory transduction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04742 Taste transduction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04750 Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04360 Axon guidance - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04380 Osteoclast differentiation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04211 Longevity regulating pathway - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04213 Longevity regulating pathway - multiple species - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04710 Circadian rhythm - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04713 Circadian entrainment - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04714 Thermogenesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05200 Pathways in cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05202 Transcriptional misregulation in cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05206 MicroRNAs in cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05205 Proteoglycans in cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05204 Chemical carcinogenesis - DNA adducts - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05207 Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05208 Chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05203 Viral carcinogenesis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05230 Central carbon metabolism in cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05231 Choline metabolism in cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05235 PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05210 Colorectal cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05212 Pancreatic cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05225 Hepatocellular carcinoma - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05226 Gastric cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05214 Glioma - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05216 Thyroid cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05221 Acute myeloid leukemia - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05220 Chronic myeloid leukemia - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05217 Basal cell carcinoma - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05218 Melanoma - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05211 Renal cell carcinoma - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05219 Bladder cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05215 Prostate cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05213 Endometrial cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05224 Breast cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05222 Small cell lung cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05223 Non-small cell lung cancer - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05166 Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05170 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05161 Hepatitis B - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05160 Hepatitis C - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05171 Coronavirus disease - COVID-19 - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05164 Influenza A - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05162 Measles - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05168 Herpes simplex virus 1 infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05163 Human cytomegalovirus infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05167 Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05169 Epstein-Barr virus infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05165 Human papillomavirus infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05110 Vibrio cholerae infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05120 Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05130 Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05132 Salmonella infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05131 Shigellosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05135 Yersinia infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05133 Pertussis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05134 Legionellosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05150 Staphylococcus aureus infection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05152 Tuberculosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05100 Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05146 Amoebiasis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05144 Malaria - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05145 Toxoplasmosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05140 Leishmaniasis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05142 Chagas disease - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05143 African trypanosomiasis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05310 Asthma - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05322 Systemic lupus erythematosus - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05323 Rheumatoid arthritis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05320 Autoimmune thyroid disease - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05321 Inflammatory bowel disease - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05330 Allograft rejection - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05332 Graft-versus-host disease - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05340 Primary immunodeficiency - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05010 Alzheimer disease - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05012 Parkinson disease - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05014 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05016 Huntington disease - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05017 Spinocerebellar ataxia - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05020 Prion disease - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05022 Pathways of neurodegeneration - multiple diseases - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05030 Cocaine addiction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05031 Amphetamine addiction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05032 Morphine addiction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05033 Nicotine addiction - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05034 Alcoholism - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05417 Lipid and atherosclerosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05418 Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05410 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05412 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05414 Dilated cardiomyopathy - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05415 Diabetic cardiomyopathy - Homo sapiens (human) hsa05416 Viral myocarditis - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04930 Type II diabetes mellitus - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04940 Type I diabetes mellitus - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04950 Maturity onset diabetes of the young - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04936 Alcoholic liver disease - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04932 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04931 Insulin resistance - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04933 AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications - Homo sapiens (human) hsa04934 Cushing syndrome - Homo sapiens (human) hsa01521 EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance - Homo sapiens (human) hsa01524 Platinum drug resistance - Homo sapiens (human) hsa01523 Antifolate resistance - Homo sapiens (human) hsa01522 Endocrine resistance - Homo sapiens (human)