ENTRY ko04714 Pathway NAME Thermogenesis DESCRIPTION Thermogenesis is essential for warm-blooded animals, ensuring normal cellular and physiological function under conditions of environmental challenge. Thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue is mainly controlled by norepinephrine, which is released from sympathetic nervous system in response to cold or dietary stimuli. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is responsible for the process whereby chemical energy is converted into heat in these adipocytes. Activation of these adipocytes leads to an increase in calorie consumption and is expected to improve overweight conditions, providing a potential strategy for treating obesity and its related metabolic disorders. CLASS Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation PATHWAY_MAP ko04714 Thermogenesis DBLINKS GO: 1990845 ORTHOLOGY K04143 adrenergic receptor beta-3 K04632 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha K08041 adenylate cyclase 1 [EC:4.6.1.1] K08042 adenylate cyclase 2 [EC:4.6.1.1] K08043 adenylate cyclase 3 [EC:4.6.1.1] K08044 adenylate cyclase 4 [EC:4.6.1.1] K08045 adenylate cyclase 5 [EC:4.6.1.1] K08046 adenylate cyclase 6 [EC:4.6.1.1] K08047 adenylate cyclase 7 [EC:4.6.1.1] K08048 adenylate cyclase 8 [EC:4.6.1.1] K08049 adenylate cyclase 9 [EC:4.6.1.1] K11265 adenylate cyclase 10 [EC:4.6.1.1] K04345 protein kinase A [EC:2.7.11.11] K05870 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 K09048 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 K09047 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 K22410 [histone H3]-lysine9 N-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.367] K22411 zinc finger protein 516 K11450 [histone H3]-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine4 FAD-dependent demethylase [EC:1.14.99.66] K08769 solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial uncoupling protein), member 7 K15601 [histone H3]-dimethyl-L-lysine9 demethylase [EC:1.14.11.65] K11647 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 2/4 [EC:5.6.2.-] K11648 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 K11649 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily C K11650 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D K11651 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1 K05692 actin beta/gamma 1 K11340 actin-like protein 6A K11652 actin-like protein 6B K11653 AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1 K22198 BRG1-associated factor 45B/C K08530 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma K04426 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [EC:2.7.11.25] K04432 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 [EC:2.7.12.2] K04441 p38 MAP kinase [EC:2.7.11.24] K07202 alpha peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha K04450 cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 K11416 NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin 6 [EC:2.3.1.286] K22429 fibroblast growth factor 21 K08768 perilipin-1 K07188 hormone-sensitive lipase [EC:3.1.1.79] K16816 patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 [EC:3.1.1.3] K01054 acylglycerol lipase [EC:3.1.1.23] K07198 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, catalytic alpha subunit [EC:2.7.11.31] K07199 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, regulatory beta subunit K07200 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, regulatory gamma subunit K05259 glucagon K16622 bone morphogenetic protein 8 K04277 cannabinoid receptor 1 K12334 natriuretic peptide A K12335 natriuretic peptide B K12323 atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A [EC:4.6.1.2] K07376 cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 [EC:2.7.11.12] K19477 cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [EC:2.7.11.12] K22404 beta-klotho K04362 fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 [EC:2.7.10.1] K12461 fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 K04364 growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 K03099 son of sevenless K02833 GTPase HRas K07827 GTPase KRas K07828 GTPase NRas K04373 ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1/2/3/6 [EC:2.7.11.1] K07206 tuberous sclerosis 1 K07207 tuberous sclerosis 2 K07208 Ras homolog enriched in brain K07204 regulatory associated protein of mTOR K07203 serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [EC:2.7.11.1] K08266 target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 K16184 proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 K04688 ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta [EC:2.7.11.1] K02991 small subunit ribosomal protein S6e K01897 long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1.3] K03878 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03879 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 2 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03880 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03881 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03882 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4L [EC:7.1.1.2] K03883 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03884 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03934 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03935 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 2 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03936 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 3 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03937 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 4 K03938 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5 K03939 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 6 K03940 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 7 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03941 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 8 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03942 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03943 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 2 [EC:7.1.1.2] K03944 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 3 K03945 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 K03946 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 K03947 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 K03948 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4 K03949 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 K03950 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 K03951 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 K03952 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 K03953 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9 K03954 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10 K03955 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha/beta subcomplex 1, acyl-carrier protein K03956 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 K11352 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 K11353 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 K03957 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 K03958 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2 K03959 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 K03960 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 K03961 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5 K03962 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 K03963 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 K03964 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8 K03965 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 K03966 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 K11351 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11 K03967 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 subunit C1 K03968 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 subunit C2 K18159 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 1 K18160 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 2 K09008 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 3 K18161 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 4 K18162 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 5 [EC:2.1.1.-] K18163 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 6 K18164 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 7 K24726 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 8 K00234 succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein subunit [EC:1.3.5.1] K00235 succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron-sulfur subunit [EC:1.3.5.1] K00236 succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) cytochrome b560 subunit K00237 succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) membrane anchor subunit K00411 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase iron-sulfur subunit [EC:7.1.1.8] K00412 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase cytochrome b subunit K00413 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase cytochrome c1 subunit K00414 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core subunit 1 K00415 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core subunit 2 K00416 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 6 K00417 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 7 K00418 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 8 K00419 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 9 K00420 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase subunit 10 K02256 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 [EC:7.1.1.9] K02261 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 K02262 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 K02263 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 K02264 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5a K02265 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5b K02266 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6a K02267 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6b K02268 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6c K02270 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7a K02271 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7b K02272 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7c K02273 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8 K02257 heme o synthase [EC:2.5.1.141] K02258 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein subunit 11 K18181 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 14 K02259 heme a synthase [EC:1.17.99.9] K18182 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein subunit 16 K02260 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein subunit 17 K17797 mitochondrial inner membrane protein COX18 K18183 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein subunit 19 K18184 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein subunit 20 K18173 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 1 K18175 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 3, animal type K18177 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 4 K18178 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 5 K18179 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 6 K18180 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 K02132 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit alpha K02133 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit beta [EC:7.1.2.2] K02136 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit gamma K02134 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit delta K02135 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit epsilon K02137 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit O K02126 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit a K02127 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit b K02128 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit c K02138 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit d K02129 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit e K02130 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit f K02131 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit 6 K02125 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit 8 K02140 F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit g K08766 carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 [EC:2.3.1.21] K15109 solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter), member 20/29 K08765 carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform [EC:2.3.1.21] K19523 carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform [EC:2.3.1.21] K19524 carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, brain isoform [EC:2.3.1.21] COMPOUND C00002 ATP C00004 NADH C00008 ADP C00010 CoA C00024 Acetyl-CoA C00040 Acyl-CoA C00080 H+ C00116 Glycerol C00162 Fatty acid C00165 Diacylglycerol C00318 L-Carnitine C00422 Triacylglycerol C00547 L-Noradrenaline C00575 3',5'-Cyclic AMP C00745 Nicotine C00942 3',5'-Cyclic GMP C00951 Estradiol-17beta C01352 FADH2 C01885 1-Acylglycerol C02301 O-Acylcarnitine C02465 Triiodothyronine C11695 Anandamide C13856 2-Arachidonoylglycerol REFERENCE PMID:27251423 AUTHORS Inagaki T, Sakai J, Kajimura S TITLE Transcriptional and epigenetic control of brown and beige adipose cell fate and function. JOURNAL Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 17:480-95 (2016) DOI:10.1038/nrm.2016.62 REFERENCE PMID:24100998 AUTHORS Harms M, Seale P TITLE Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential. JOURNAL Nat Med 19:1252-63 (2013) DOI:10.1038/nm.3361 REFERENCE PMID:25154875 AUTHORS Boon MR, Kooijman S, van Dam AD, Pelgrom LR, Berbee JF, Visseren CA, van Aggele RC, van den Hoek AM, Sips HC, Lombes M, Havekes LM, Tamsma JT, Guigas B, Meijer OC, Jukema JW, Rensen PC TITLE Peripheral cannabinoid 1 receptor blockade activates brown adipose tissue and diminishes dyslipidemia and obesity. JOURNAL FASEB J 28:5361-75 (2014) DOI:10.1096/fj.13-247643 REFERENCE PMID:26201764 AUTHORS Merlin J, Evans BA, Dehvari N, Sato M, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS TITLE Could burning fat start with a brite spark? Pharmacological and nutritional ways to promote thermogenesis. 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JOURNAL Mol Aspects Med 32:223-33 (2011) DOI:10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.008 REFERENCE PMID:26303601 AUTHORS McCoin CS, Knotts TA, Adams SH TITLE Acylcarnitines--old actors auditioning for new roles in metabolic physiology. JOURNAL Nat Rev Endocrinol 11:617-25 (2015) DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2015.129 REFERENCE PMID:28955734 AUTHORS Ohtomo T, Ino K, Miyashita R, Chigira M, Nakamura M, Someya K, Inaba N, Fujita M, Takagi M, Yamada J TITLE Chronic high-fat feeding impairs adaptive induction of mitochondrial fatty acid combustion-associated proteins in brown adipose tissue of mice. JOURNAL Biochem Biophys Rep 10:32-38 (2017) DOI:10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.02.002 REL_PATHWAY ko00020 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) ko00190 Oxidative phosphorylation ko04010 MAPK signaling pathway ko04022 cGMP-PKG signaling pathway ko04024 cAMP signaling pathway ko04150 mTOR signaling pathway ko04923 Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes ///