ENTRY ko04626 Pathway NAME Plant-pathogen interaction DESCRIPTION Plants lack animal-like adaptive immunity mechanisms, and therefore have evolved a specific system with multiple layers against invading pathogens. The primary response includes the perception of pathogens by cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and is referred to as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Activation of FLS2 and EFR triggers MAPK signaling pathway that activates defense genes for antimictobial compounds. The increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is also a regulator for production of reactive oxygen species and localized programmed cell death/hypersensitive response. The secondary response is called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Pathogens can acquire the ability to suppress PTI by directly injecting effector proteins into the plant cell through secretion systems. In addition, pathogens can manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to evade host immune responses using coronatine toxin. Some plants possess specific intracellular surveillance proteins (R proteins) to monitor the presence of pathogen virulence proteins. This ETI occurs with localized programmed cell death to arrest pathogen growth, resulting in cultivar-specific disease resistance. CLASS Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation PATHWAY_MAP ko04626 Plant-pathogen interaction ORTHOLOGY K13445 race-specific elicitor A9 K13446 disease resistance protein K13412 calcium-dependent protein kinase [EC:2.7.11.1] K13447 respiratory burst oxidase [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-] K27629 cyclic nucleotide gated channel 17 K05391 cyclic nucleotide gated channel, plant K02183 calmodulin K13448 calcium-binding protein CML K13427 nitric-oxide synthase, plant [EC:1.14.13.39] K20600 mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 [EC:2.7.11.24] K02406 flagellin K13420 LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase FLS2 [EC:2.7.11.1] K13416 brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1 [EC:2.7.10.1 2.7.11.1] K13417 somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 4 [EC:2.7.10.1 2.7.11.1] K02358 elongation factor Tu K13428 LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase EFR [EC:2.7.11.1] K13414 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 [EC:2.7.11.25] K04368 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [EC:2.7.12.2] K13413 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4/5 [EC:2.7.12.2] K20536 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [EC:2.7.11.24] K14512 mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 [EC:2.7.11.24] K23866 effector protein HopD2 [EC:3.1.3.48] K13450 phosphothreonine lyase [EC:4.2.3.-] K13423 WRKY transcription factor 25 K13424 WRKY transcription factor 33 K13425 WRKY transcription factor 22 K13426 WRKY transcription factor 29 K16224 senescence-induced receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase K00864 glycerol kinase [EC:2.7.1.30] K13449 pathogenesis-related protein 1 K13451 type III effector protein AvrPto1 K13452 effector protein HopAB [EC:6.3.2.-] K13435 serine/threonine-protein kinase Pto K13453 disease resistance protein K13432 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI4 K13433 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI5 K13434 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI6 K13436 pto-interacting protein 1 [EC:2.7.11.1] K13454 type III effector protein AvrRpm1 K13455 avirulence protein K13456 RPM1-interacting protein 4 K13457 disease resistance protein RPM1 K13458 disease resistance protein K12795 suppressor of G2 allele of SKP1 K09487 heat shock protein 90kDa beta K04079 molecular chaperone HtpG K13439 cysteine protease avirulence protein AvrRpt2 [EC:3.4.22.-] K13459 disease resistance protein RPS2 K13440 cysteine protease avirulence protein AvrPphB [EC:3.4.22.-] K13430 serine/threonine-protein kinase PBS1 [EC:2.7.11.1] K13460 disease resistance protein RPS5 K08598 YopJ protease family K18873 pathogen-induced protein kinase K18874 type III effector protein AvrRps4 K16226 disease resistance protein RPS4 K18875 enhanced disease susceptibility 1 protein K18876 type III effector protein AvrBs3 K18877 disease resistance protein K18878 BHLH transcription factor Upa20 K13478 type III effector protein PopP2 K01373 cathepsin F [EC:3.4.22.41] K16225 probable WRKY transcription factor 52 K18879 type III effector protein XopD K23865 transcription factor MYB30 K15397 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase [EC:2.3.1.199] K18880 Delta3-Delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase [EC:5.3.3.8] K13474 AvrA10 protein K13475 R protein MLA10 K18834 WRKY transcription factor 1 K18835 WRKY transcription factor 2 K13476 AvrL567 protein K13477 R protein L6 K01181 endo-1,4-beta-xylanase [EC:3.2.1.8] K13466 EIX receptor 1/2 K13467 Avr2 protein K13468 disease resistance protein K13441 cysteine protease K13469 race-specific elicitor A4 K13470 disease resistance protein K13471 disease resistance protein K13408 membrane fusion protein K13409 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, bacterial CvaB/MchF/RaxB K12340 outer membrane protein K13472 sulfotransferase K13437 receptor kinase-like protein K13473 chitin elicitor-binding protein K13429 chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 COMPOUND C00027 Hydrogen peroxide C00076 Calcium cation C00533 Nitric oxide C00704 Superoxide C16844 Hydroxyl radical REFERENCE PMID:18206360 AUTHORS Zipfel C TITLE Pattern-recognition receptors in plant innate immunity. JOURNAL Curr Opin Immunol 20:10-6 (2008) DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2007.11.003 REFERENCE PMID:19748302 AUTHORS Chinchilla D, Shan L, He P, de Vries S, Kemmerling B TITLE One for all: the receptor-associated kinase BAK1. JOURNAL Trends Plant Sci 14:535-41 (2009) DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2009.08.002 REFERENCE PMID:19423812 AUTHORS Boller T, He SY TITLE Innate immunity in plants: an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens. JOURNAL Science 324:742-4 (2009) DOI:10.1126/science.1171647 REFERENCE PMID:19794842 AUTHORS Ma W, Smigel A, Verma R, Berkowitz GA TITLE Cyclic nucleotide gated channels and related signaling components in plant innate immunity. JOURNAL Plant Signal Behav 4:277-82 (2009) DOI:10.4161/psb.4.4.8103 REFERENCE PMID:11875555 AUTHORS Asai T, Tena G, Plotnikova J, Willmann MR, Chiu WL, Gomez-Gomez L, Boller T, Ausubel FM, Sheen J TITLE MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity. JOURNAL Nature 415:977-83 (2002) DOI:10.1038/415977a REFERENCE PMID:15922649 AUTHORS Zipfel C, Felix G TITLE Plants and animals: a different taste for microbes? JOURNAL Curr Opin Plant Biol 8:353-60 (2005) DOI:10.1016/j.pbi.2005.05.004 REFERENCE PMID:17451411 AUTHORS He P, Shan L, Sheen J TITLE Elicitation and suppression of microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in plant-microbe interactions. JOURNAL Cell Microbiol 9:1385-96 (2007) DOI:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00944.x REFERENCE PMID:17876517 AUTHORS de Wit PJ TITLE How plants recognize pathogens and defend themselves. JOURNAL Cell Mol Life Sci 64:2726-32 (2007) DOI:10.1007/s00018-007-7284-7 REFERENCE PMID:16497589 AUTHORS Chisholm ST, Coaker G, Day B, Staskawicz BJ TITLE Host-microbe interactions: shaping the evolution of the plant immune response. JOURNAL Cell 124:803-14 (2006) DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.008 REFERENCE PMID:16677430 AUTHORS McHale L, Tan X, Koehl P, Michelmore RW TITLE Plant NBS-LRR proteins: adaptable guards. JOURNAL Genome Biol 7:212 (2006) DOI:10.1186/gb-2006-7-4-212 REFERENCE PMID:11459065 AUTHORS Dangl JL, Jones JD TITLE Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infection. JOURNAL Nature 411:826-33 (2001) DOI:10.1038/35081161 REFERENCE PMID:17108957 AUTHORS Jones JD, Dangl JL TITLE The plant immune system. JOURNAL Nature 444:323-9 (2006) DOI:10.1038/nature05286 REFERENCE PMID:16697674 AUTHORS da Cunha L, McFall AJ, Mackey D TITLE Innate immunity in plants: a continuum of layered defenses. JOURNAL Microbes Infect 8:1372-81 (2006) DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.12.018 REFERENCE PMID:15862106 AUTHORS Mudgett MB TITLE New insights to the function of phytopathogenic bacterial type III effectors in plants. JOURNAL Annu Rev Plant Biol 56:509-31 (2005) DOI:10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144218 REFERENCE PMID:17714518 AUTHORS Ma W, Berkowitz GA TITLE The grateful dead: calcium and cell death in plant innate immunity. JOURNAL Cell Microbiol 9:2571-85 (2007) DOI:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01031.x REFERENCE PMID:14711430 AUTHORS Schulze-Lefert P TITLE Plant immunity: the origami of receptor activation. JOURNAL Curr Biol 14:R22-4 (2004) DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2003.12.017 REFERENCE PMID:9868361 AUTHORS Van der Biezen EA, Jones JD TITLE Plant disease-resistance proteins and the gene-for-gene concept. JOURNAL Trends Biochem Sci 23:454-6 (1998) DOI:10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01311-5 REFERENCE PMID:16936700 AUTHORS Abramovitch RB, Anderson JC, Martin GB TITLE Bacterial elicitation and evasion of plant innate immunity. JOURNAL Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7:601-11 (2006) DOI:10.1038/nrm1984 REL_PATHWAY ko03070 Bacterial secretion system ko04144 Endocytosis ///