ENTRY ko04626 Pathway NAME Plant-pathogen interaction DESCRIPTION Plants lack animal-like adaptive immunity mechanisms, and therefore have evolved a specific system with multiple layers against invading pathogens. The primary response includes the perception of pathogens by cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and is referred to as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Activation of FLS2 and EFR triggers MAPK signaling pathway that activates defense genes for antimictobial compounds. The increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is also a regulator for production of reactive oxygen species and localized programmed cell death/hypersensitive response. The secondary response is called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Pathogens can acquire the ability to suppress PTI by directly injecting effector proteins into the plant cell through secretion systems. In addition, pathogens can manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to evade host immune responses using coronatine toxin. Some plants possess specific intracellular surveillance proteins (R proteins) to monitor the presence of pathogen virulence proteins. This ETI occurs with localized programmed cell death to arrest pathogen growth, resulting in cultivar-specific disease resistance. CLASS Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation PATHWAY_MAP ko04626 Plant-pathogen interaction ORTHOLOGY K00864 glpK, GK; glycerol kinase [EC:2.7.1.30] K01181 Xyn, EIX; endo-1,4-beta-xylanase [EC:3.2.1.8] K01373 CTSF; cathepsin F [EC:3.4.22.41] K02183 CALM; calmodulin K02358 tuf, TUFM; elongation factor Tu K02406 fliC, hag; flagellin K04079 HSP90A, htpG; molecular chaperone HtpG K04368 MAP2K1, MEK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [EC:2.7.12.2] K05391 CNGC; cyclic nucleotide gated channel, plant K08598 yopJ; YopJ protease family K09487 HSP90B, TRA1; heat shock protein 90kDa beta K12340 tolC, bepC, cyaE, raxC, sapF, rsaF, hasF; outer membrane protein K12795 SUGT1, SGT1; suppressor of G2 allele of SKP1 K13408 cvaA, mchE, raxA; membrane fusion protein K13409 cvaB, mchF, raxB; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, bacterial CvaB/MchF/RaxB K13412 CPK; calcium-dependent protein kinase [EC:2.7.11.1] K13413 MKK4_5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4/5 [EC:2.7.12.2] K13414 MEKK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 [EC:2.7.11.25] K13416 BAK1; brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1 [EC:2.7.10.1 2.7.11.1] K13417 SERK4, BKK1; somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 4 [EC:2.7.10.1 2.7.11.1] K13420 FLS2; LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase FLS2 [EC:2.7.11.1] K13423 WRKY25; WRKY transcription factor 25 K13424 WRKY33; WRKY transcription factor 33 K13425 WRKY22; WRKY transcription factor 22 K13426 WRKY29; WRKY transcription factor 29 K13427 NOA1; nitric-oxide synthase, plant [EC:1.14.13.39] K13428 EFR; LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase EFR [EC:2.7.11.1] K13429 CERK1; chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 K13430 PBS1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PBS1 [EC:2.7.11.1] K13432 PTI4; pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI4 K13433 PTI5; pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI5 K13434 PTI6; pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI6 K13435 PTO; serine/threonine-protein kinase Pto K13436 PTI1; pto-interacting protein 1 [EC:2.7.11.1] K13437 XA21; receptor kinase-like protein K13439 avrRpt2; cysteine protease avirulence protein AvrRpt2 [EC:3.4.22.-] K13440 avrPphB; cysteine protease avirulence protein AvrPphB [EC:3.4.22.-] K13441 RCR3; cysteine protease K13445 AVR9; race-specific elicitor A9 K13446 CF9; disease resistance protein K13447 RBOH; respiratory burst oxidase [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-] K13448 CML; calcium-binding protein CML K13449 PR1; pathogenesis-related protein 1 K13450 ospF, mkaD, spvC; phosphothreonine lyase [EC:4.2.3.-] K13451 avrPto1; type III effector protein AvrPto1 K13452 hopAB, avrPtoB; effector protein HopAB [EC:6.3.2.-] K13453 PRF; disease resistance protein K13454 avrRpm1; type III effector protein AvrRpm1 K13455 avrXccC, avrB; avirulence protein K13456 RIN4; RPM1-interacting protein 4 K13457 RPM1, RPS3; disease resistance protein RPM1 K13458 RAR1; disease resistance protein K13459 RPS2; disease resistance protein RPS2 K13460 RPS5; disease resistance protein RPS5 K13466 EIX1_2; EIX receptor 1/2 K13467 AVR2; Avr2 protein K13468 K13468, CF2; disease resistance protein K13469 AVR4; race-specific elicitor A4 K13470 CF4; disease resistance protein K13471 CF5; disease resistance protein K13472 raxST; sulfotransferase K13473 CEBIP; chitin elicitor-binding protein K13474 A10; AvrA10 protein K13475 MLA10; R protein MLA10 K13476 AvrL567; AvrL567 protein K13477 L6; R protein L6 K13478 popP2; type III effector protein PopP2 K14512 MPK6; mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 [EC:2.7.11.24] K15397 KCS; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase [EC:2.3.1.199] K16224 FRK1; senescence-induced receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase K16225 RRS1; disease resistance protein RRS1 K16226 RPS4; disease resistance protein RPS4 K18834 WRKY1; WRKY transcription factor 1 K18835 WRKY2; WRKY transcription factor 2 K18873 PIK1; pathogen-induced protein kinase K18874 avrRps4; type III effector protein AvrRps4 K18875 EDS1; enhanced disease susceptibility 1 protein K18876 avrBs3; type III effector protein AvrBs3 K18877 BS3; disease resistance protein K18878 UPA20; BHLH transcription factor Upa20 K18879 xopD; type III effector protein XopD K18880 ECI3, HCD1; Delta3-Delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase [EC:5.3.3.8] K20536 MPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [EC:2.7.11.24] K20600 MPK4; mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 [EC:2.7.11.24] K23865 MYB30; transcription factor MYB30 K23866 hopD2; effector protein HopD2 K27629 CNGC17; cyclic nucleotide gated channel 17 COMPOUND C00027 Hydrogen peroxide C00076 Calcium cation C00533 Nitric oxide C00704 Superoxide C16844 Hydroxyl radical REFERENCE PMID:18206360 AUTHORS Zipfel C TITLE Pattern-recognition receptors in plant innate immunity. 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