ENTRY ko03320 Pathway NAME PPAR signaling pathway DESCRIPTION Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that are activated by fatty acids and their derivatives. PPAR has three subtypes (PPARalpha, beta/delta, and gamma) showing different expression patterns in vertebrates. Each of them is encoded in a separate gene and binds fatty acids and eicosanoids. PPARalpha plays a role in the clearance of circulating or cellular lipids via the regulation of gene expression involved in lipid metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle. PPARbeta/delta is involved in lipid oxidation and cell proliferation. PPARgamma promotes adipocyte differentiation to enhance blood glucose uptake. CLASS Organismal Systems; Endocrine system PATHWAY_MAP ko03320 PPAR signaling pathway ORTHOLOGY K06259 CD36 antigen K08745 solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1/4 [EC:6.2.1.-] K08746 solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 2 [EC:6.2.1.- 6.2.1.3] K08748 solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 5 [EC:6.2.1.7] K08749 solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 6 K08750 fatty acid-binding protein 1, liver K08751 fatty acid-binding protein 2, intestinal K08752 fatty acid-binding protein 3, muscle and heart K08753 fatty acid-binding protein 4, adipocyte K08754 fatty acid-binding protein 5, epidermal K08755 fatty acid-binding protein 6, ileal (gastrotropin) K08756 fatty acid-binding protein 7, brain K07294 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha K08524 retinoid X receptor alpha K08525 retinoid X receptor beta K08526 retinoid X receptor gamma K04504 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta K08530 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma K01641 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase [EC:2.3.3.10] K08757 apolipoprotein A-I K08758 apolipoprotein A-II K08759 apolipoprotein C-III K09025 apolipoprotein A-V K08761 phospholipid transfer protein K00029 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)(NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.40] K10226 acyl-CoA 6-desaturase (Delta-6 desaturase) [EC:1.14.19.3] K00507 stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Delta-9 desaturase) [EC:1.14.19.1] K00489 cholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase [EC:1.14.14.23] K07431 sterol 12-alpha-hydroxylase [EC:1.14.14.139] K08536 liver X receptor alpha K00488 cholestanetriol 26-monooxygenase [EC:1.14.15.15] K08762 diazepam-binding inhibitor (GABA receptor modulator, acyl-CoA-binding protein) K01059 lipoprotein lipase [EC:3.1.1.34] K01897 long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1.3] K15013 long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase ACSBG [EC:6.2.1.3] K08763 oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 K07514 enoyl-CoA hydratase / 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase / 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase [EC:4.2.1.17 1.1.1.35 5.3.3.8] K07425 long-chain fatty acid omega-monooxygenase [EC:1.14.14.80] K07513 acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 [EC:2.3.1.16] K08764 sterol carrier protein 2 [EC:2.3.1.176] K00232 acyl-CoA oxidase [EC:1.3.3.6] K10214 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA 24-hydroxylase [EC:1.17.99.3] K08765 carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform [EC:2.3.1.21] K19523 carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform [EC:2.3.1.21] K19524 carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, brain isoform [EC:2.3.1.21] K08766 carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 [EC:2.3.1.21] K00255 long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.8.8] K00249 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.8.7] K08767 angiopoietin-like 4 K06086 sorbin and SH3 domain containing protein 1 K08768 perilipin-1 K17284 perilipin-2 K20254 perilipin-4 K20255 perilipin-5 K07296 adiponectin K01388 matrix metalloproteinase-1 (interstitial collagenase) [EC:3.4.24.7] K08769 solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial uncoupling protein), member 7 K06272 integrin-linked kinase [EC:2.7.11.1] K06276 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 [EC:2.7.11.1] K08770 ubiquitin C K01596 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) [EC:4.1.1.32] K00864 glycerol kinase [EC:2.7.1.30] K08771 aquaporin-7 COMPOUND C02165 Leukotriene B4 C14762 13(S)-HODE C14767 9(S)-HODE C14776 8(S)-HETE C15493 9-cis-Retinoic acid REFERENCE PMID:15828220 AUTHORS Takahashi N, Goto T, Kusudo T, Moriyama T, Kawada T. TITLE [The structures and functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)] JOURNAL Nippon Rinsho 63:557-64 (2005) REFERENCE PMID:15828221 AUTHORS Fujii H. TITLE [PPARs-mediated intracellular signal transduction] JOURNAL Nippon Rinsho 63:565-71 (2005) REFERENCE PMID:15828222 AUTHORS Takada I, Kato S. TITLE [PPARs target genes] JOURNAL Nippon Rinsho 63:573-7 (2005) REFERENCE PMID:15828223 AUTHORS Inoue H. TITLE [Endogenous ligands for PPARs] JOURNAL Nippon Rinsho 63:578-83 (2005) REFERENCE PMID:16476485 AUTHORS Feige JN, Gelman L, Michalik L, Desvergne B, Wahli W. TITLE From molecular action to physiological outputs: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are nuclear receptors at the crossroads of key cellular functions. JOURNAL Prog Lipid Res 45:120-59 (2006) DOI:10.1016/j.plipres.2005.12.002 REFERENCE PMID:16601267 AUTHORS Desvergne B, Michalik L, Wahli W. TITLE Transcriptional regulation of metabolism. JOURNAL Physiol Rev 86:465-514 (2006) DOI:10.1152/physrev.00025.2005 REFERENCE PMID:14999402 AUTHORS Mandard S, Muller M, Kersten S. TITLE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha target genes. JOURNAL Cell Mol Life Sci 61:393-416 (2004) DOI:10.1007/s00018-003-3216-3 REFERENCE PMID:10529898 AUTHORS Desvergne B, Wahli W. TITLE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: nuclear control of metabolism. JOURNAL Endocr Rev 20:649-88 (1999) DOI:10.1210/edrv.20.5.0380 REFERENCE PMID:15673477 AUTHORS Savage DB. TITLE PPARgamma as a metabolic regulator: insights from genomics and pharmacology. JOURNAL Expert Rev Mol Med 2005:1-16 (2005) DOI:10.1017/S1462399405008793 REFERENCE PMID:16511590 AUTHORS Semple RK, Chatterjee VK, O'Rahilly S. TITLE PPAR gamma and human metabolic disease. JOURNAL J Clin Invest 116:581-9 (2006) DOI:10.1172/JCI28003 REFERENCE PMID:16360030 AUTHORS Lehrke M, Lazar MA. TITLE The many faces of PPARgamma. JOURNAL Cell 123:993-9 (2005) DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2005.11.026 REFERENCE PMID:11921433 AUTHORS Hauner H. TITLE The mode of action of thiazolidinediones. JOURNAL Diabetes Metab Res Rev 18 Suppl 2:S10-5 (2002) DOI:10.1002/dmrr.249 REL_PATHWAY ko00071 Fatty acid degradation ko00120 Primary bile acid biosynthesis ko00564 Glycerophospholipid metabolism ko04920 Adipocytokine signaling pathway ///