ENTRY ko02024 Pathway NAME Quorum sensing DESCRIPTION Quorum sensing (QS) is a regulatory system that allows bacteria to share information about cell density and adjust gene expression accordingly. All QS bacteria produce and release chemical signal molecules called autoinducers (AIs) that increase in concentration as a function of cell density. The most commonly studied AIs belong to one of the following three categories: acylated homoserine lactones, also referred to as AI-1, used by Gram-negative bacteria; peptide signals, used by Gram-positive bacteria; and AI-2, used by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. QS can be divided into at least 4 steps: production of AIs by the bacterial cell; release of AIs, either actively or passively, into the surrounding environment; recognition of AIs by specific receptors; and leading to changes in gene regulation once they exceed a threshold concentration. The processes controlled by QS include virulence, competence, conjugation, antibiotic production, motility, sporulation, and biofilm formation. CLASS Cellular Processes; Cellular community - prokaryotes PATHWAY_MAP ko02024 Quorum sensing DRUG D10453 Bezlotoxumab (USAN/INN) DBLINKS GO: 0009372 ORTHOLOGY K07173 S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase [EC:4.4.1.21] K10910 autoinducer 2-binding periplasmic protein LuxP K10909 two-component system, autoinducer 2 sensor kinase/phosphatase LuxQ [EC:2.7.13.3 3.1.3.-] K13062 acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184] K15850 two-component system, autoinducer 1 sensor kinase/phosphatase LuxN [EC:2.7.13.3 3.1.3.-] K10915 CAI-1 autoinducer synthase [EC:2.3.-.-] K10916 two-component system, CAI-1 autoinducer sensor kinase/phosphatase CqsS [EC:2.7.13.3 3.1.3.-] K10911 two-component system, phosphorelay protein LuxU K10912 two-component system, repressor protein LuxO K15851 quorum regulatory RNA Qrr K03666 host factor-I protein K10913 TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator, hemagglutinin/protease regulatory protein K10917 PadR family transcriptional regulator, regulatory protein AphA K22954 acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184] K15852 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, transcriptional activator of the bioluminescence operon K00494 alkanal monooxygenase alpha chain [EC:1.14.14.3] K15854 alkanal monooxygenase beta chain [EC:1.14.14.3] K03400 long-chain-fatty-acyl-CoA reductase [EC:1.2.1.50] K15853 acyl transferase [EC:2.3.1.-] K06046 long-chain-fatty-acid---luciferin-component ligase [EC:6.2.1.19] K20256 flavin reductase [EC:1.-.-.-] K13060 acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184] K18304 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator LasR K01657 anthranilate synthase component I [EC:4.1.3.27] K01658 anthranilate synthase component II [EC:4.1.3.27] K18000 anthranilate-CoA ligase [EC:6.2.1.32] K18001 2-heptyl-4(1H)-quinolone synthase subunit PqsB [EC:2.3.1.230] K18002 2-heptyl-4(1H)-quinolone synthase subunit PqsC [EC:2.3.1.230] K18003 anthraniloyl-CoA anthraniloyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.262] K20257 2-aminobenzoylacetyl-CoA thioesterase [EC:3.1.2.32] K17940 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone synthase [EC:1.14.13.182] K19735 LysR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator MvfR K13061 acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184] K18099 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator RhlR K18100 rhamnosyltransferase subunit A [EC:2.4.1.-] K18101 rhamnosyltransferase subunit B [EC:2.4.1.-] K12990 rhamnosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.-] K08642 LasA protease [EC:3.4.24.-] K01399 pseudolysin [EC:3.4.24.26] K20258 PA-I galactophilic lectin K20259 PA-IIL fucose-binding lectin K20260 phenazine biosynthesis protein K01626 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase [EC:2.5.1.54] K20261 trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid synthase [EC:3.3.2.15] K13063 2-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase [EC:2.6.1.86] K06998 trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilate isomerase [EC:5.3.3.17] K20262 dihydrophenazinedicarboxylate synthase [EC:1.10.3.16] K07645 two-component system, OmpR family, sensor histidine kinase QseC [EC:2.7.13.3] K07666 two-component system, OmpR family, response regulator QseB K07711 two-component system, NtrC family, sensor histidine kinase GlrK [EC:2.7.13.3] K07715 two-component system, NtrC family, response regulator GlrR K02403 flagellar transcriptional activator FlhD K02402 flagellar transcriptional activator FlhC K11006 shiga toxin subunit A K11007 shiga toxin subunit B K12789 Tir-cytoskeleton coupling protein K07667 two-component system, OmpR family, KDP operon response regulator KdpE K20263 two-component system, NarL family, sensor histidine kinase FusK [EC:2.7.13.3] K20264 two-component system, NarL family, response regulator FusR K20552 transcriptional regulator of LEE operons K07782 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator SdiA K01580 glutamate decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.15] K20265 glutamate:GABA antiporter K10555 AI-2 transport system substrate-binding protein K10556 AI-2 transport system permease protein K10557 AI-2 transport system permease protein K10558 AI-2 transport system ATP-binding protein K11216 autoinducer-2 kinase [EC:2.7.1.189] K11531 lsr operon transcriptional repressor K08321 3-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,4-dione thiolase [EC:2.3.1.245] K11530 (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,3-dione isomerase [EC:5.3.1.32] K18096 acyl-homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.228 2.3.1.229 2.3.1.-] K18098 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator BjaR1 K20248 acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184] K20252 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator CinR K20253 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator BisR K22955 acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184] K19732 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, activator of conjugal transfer of Ti plasmids K20527 type IV secretion system protein TrbB [EC:7.4.2.8] K20528 type IV secretion system protein TrbC K20529 type IV secretion system protein TrbD K20530 type IV secretion system protein TrbE [EC:7.4.2.8] K20266 type IV secretion system protein TrbJ K20555 type IV secretion system protein TrbK K07344 type IV secretion system protein TrbL K20531 type IV secretion system protein TrbF K20532 type IV secretion system protein TrbG K20267 type IV secretion system protein TrbH K20533 type IV secretion system protein TrbI K20249 acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184] K25873 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator RaiR K20268 rhizosphere induced protein K20269 rhizosphere induced protein K20270 rhizosphere induced protein K20271 DeoR family transcriptional regulator, repressor of opine catabolism and conjugal transfer K20272 TraR antiactivator K02055 putative spermidine/putrescine transport system substrate-binding protein K02053 putative spermidine/putrescine transport system permease protein K02054 putative spermidine/putrescine transport system permease protein K02052 putative spermidine/putrescine transport system ATP-binding protein K01999 branched-chain amino acid transport system substrate-binding protein K01997 branched-chain amino acid transport system permease protein K01998 branched-chain amino acid transport system permease protein K01995 branched-chain amino acid transport system ATP-binding protein K01996 branched-chain amino acid transport system ATP-binding protein K20539 IclR family transcriptional regulator, blcABC operon repressor K13075 N-acyl homoserine lactone hydrolase [EC:3.1.1.81] K22956 acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184] K19734 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator ExpR K18316 carbapenam-3-carboxylate synthase [EC:6.3.3.6] K18317 carboxymethylproline synthase [EC:2.3.1.226] K18315 (5R)-carbapenem-3-carboxylate synthase [EC:1.14.20.3] K18318 carbapenem biosynthesis protein, putative proline dehydrogenase [EC:1.5.-.-] K18319 carbapenem biosynthesis protein CpmE K01728 pectate lyase [EC:4.2.2.2] K07781 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, capsular biosynthesis positive transcription factor K19666 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator SolR K20250 acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184] K19731 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator CciR K20540 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator CepR2 K13816 DSF synthase K14051 c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase Gmr [EC:3.1.4.52] K20273 zinc metalloprotease ZmpA K20274 zinc metalloprotease ZmpB K20275 nematocidal protein AidA K20276 large repetitive protein K20277 mannose-binding lectin K01897 long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1.3] K10715 two-component system, sensor histidine kinase RpfC [EC:2.7.13.3] K13815 two-component system, response regulator RpfG K10914 CRP/FNR family transcriptional regulator, cyclic AMP receptor protein K09823 Fur family transcriptional regulator, zinc uptake regulator K20325 TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator, Clp-modulated transcription factor K20326 protein XagA K20327 glycosyltransferase XagB K20328 membrane protein XagC K01218 mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase [EC:3.2.1.78] K20329 IclR family transcriptional regulator, positive regulator for flagellar biogenesis K20330 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, activator of tox operons K20331 toxoflavin synthase [EC:2.1.1.349] K01497 GTP cyclohydrolase II [EC:3.5.4.25] K20332 toxoflavin biosynthesis protein ToxC K20333 toxoflavin biosynthesis protein ToxD K11752 diaminohydroxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine deaminase / 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase [EC:3.5.4.26 1.1.1.193] K09936 bacterial/archaeal transporter family-2 protein K18306 membrane fusion protein, multidrug efflux system K18307 multidrug efflux pump K18139 outer membrane protein, multidrug efflux system K22957 acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184] K20334 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator CviR K20086 tryptophan oxidase VioA [EC:1.4.3.-] K20087 violacein biosynthesis protein VioB K20090 violacein synthase [EC:1.14.13.224] K20089 protodeoxyviolaceinate monooxygenase [EC:1.14.13.217] K20088 violacein biosynthesis protein VioE K22968 acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184] K19733 LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator SinR K07800 AgrD protein K07813 accessory gene regulator B K07706 two-component system, LytTR family, sensor histidine kinase AgrC [EC:2.7.13.3] K07707 two-component system, LytTR family, response regulator AgrA K11039 delta-hemolysin K20335 phenol-soluble modulin alpha 1/2 K20336 phenol-soluble modulin alpha 3 K20337 phenol-soluble modulin beta K20554 small regulatory RNA RNAIII K20338 MarR family transcriptional regulator, global regulator for virulence K20339 two-component system, LytTR family, sensor histidine kinase AgrC2 [EC:2.7.13.3] K20340 two-component system, LytTR family, response regulator AgrA2 K11063 toxin A/B K16619 phospholipase C / alpha-toxin [EC:3.1.4.3] K11031 thiol-activated cytolysin K12415 competence-stimulating peptide K23133 competence-stimulating peptide K12292 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, bacterial, competence factor transporting protein [EC:3.4.22.-] K12293 competence factor transport accessory protein ComB K12294 two-component system, LytTR family, sensor histidine kinase ComD [EC:2.7.13.3] K12295 two-component system, LytTR family, response regulator ComE K20321 mutacin IV K20322 mutacin IV K20323 mutacin V K20324 mutacin VI K20341 immunity protein K14982 two-component system, OmpR family, sensor histidine kinase CiaH [EC:2.7.13.3] K14983 two-component system, OmpR family, response regulator CiaR K15580 oligopeptide transport system substrate-binding protein K15581 oligopeptide transport system permease protein K15582 oligopeptide transport system permease protein K15583 oligopeptide transport system ATP-binding protein K10823 oligopeptide transport system ATP-binding protein K20342 HTH-type transcriptional regulator, regulator for ComX K12296 competence protein ComX K20343 peptide pheromone BlpC K20344 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, bacteriocin exporter K20345 membrane fusion protein, peptide pheromone/bacteriocin exporter K20373 HTH-type transcriptional regulator, SHP2-responsive activator K20374 HTH-type transcriptional regulator, SHP3-responsive repressor K02035 peptide/nickel transport system substrate-binding protein K02033 peptide/nickel transport system permease protein K02034 peptide/nickel transport system permease protein K02031 peptide/nickel transport system ATP-binding protein K02032 peptide/nickel transport system ATP-binding protein K20375 HTH-type transcriptional regulator, pheromone-responsive regulator K01364 streptopain [EC:3.4.22.10] K01635 tagatose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.40] K20376 peptide inhibitor iCF10 K03217 YidC/Oxa1 family membrane protein insertase K20377 HTH-type transcriptional regulator, major conjugation operon repressor K20378 sex pheromone inhibitor iAD1 K20379 sex pheromone cAD1 K20380 HTH-type transcriptional regulator, pheromone-responsive repressor K20381 regulatory protein K20382 aggregation substance K08605 coccolysin [EC:3.4.24.30] K01318 glutamyl endopeptidase [EC:3.4.21.19] K20383 CylL-L protein K20384 CylL-S protein K20385 CylM protein K20386 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, bacterial CylB K14645 serine protease [EC:3.4.21.-] K20387 regulatory protein CylR1 K20388 HTH-type transcriptional regulator, cytolysin regulator K02253 competence protein ComX K02251 competence protein ComQ K07680 two-component system, NarL family, sensor histidine kinase ComP [EC:2.7.13.3] K07691 two-component system, NarL family, competent response regulator ComA K02252 competence protein ComS K02250 competence protein ComK K15654 surfactin/lichenysin synthetase A K15655 surfactin/lichenysin synthetase B K15656 surfactin/lichenysin synthetase C K15657 external thioesterase TEII K06353 phosphatase RapC regulator K06355 phosphatase RapF regulator K06358 phosphatase RapK regulator K06356 phosphatase RapG regulator K20389 phosphatase RapH regulator K06352 phosphatase RapA inhibitor K06354 phosphatase RapE regulator K12257 SecD/SecF fusion protein K03073 preprotein translocase subunit SecE K03075 preprotein translocase subunit SecG K03076 preprotein translocase subunit SecY K03210 preprotein translocase subunit YajC K03070 preprotein translocase subunit SecA [EC:7.4.2.8] K03110 fused signal recognition particle receptor K03071 preprotein translocase subunit SecB K03106 signal recognition particle subunit SRP54 [EC:3.6.5.4] K06361 response regulator aspartate phosphatase C [EC:3.1.-.-] K06364 response regulator aspartate phosphatase F [EC:3.1.-.-] K06369 response regulator aspartate phosphatase K [EC:3.1.-.-] K06365 response regulator aspartate phosphatase G [EC:3.1.-.-] K06366 response regulator aspartate phosphatase H [EC:3.1.-.-] K06359 response regulator aspartate phosphatase A (stage 0 sporulation protein L) [EC:3.1.-.-] K06363 response regulator aspartate phosphatase E [EC:3.1.-.-] K06360 response regulator aspartate phosphatase B [EC:3.1.-.-] K07692 two-component system, NarL family, response regulator DegU K02490 two-component system, response regulator, stage 0 sporulation protein F K06375 stage 0 sporulation protein B (sporulation initiation phosphotransferase) [EC:2.7.-.-] K07699 two-component system, response regulator, stage 0 sporulation protein A K20390 regulatory peptide PapR K08777 neutral peptidase B [EC:3.4.24.-] K20391 HTH-type transcriptional regulator, pleiotropic regulator of extracellular virulence genes K01114 phospholipase C [EC:3.1.4.3] K11035 hemolysin BL binding component K11036 hemolysin BL lytic component L2 K11037 hemolysin BL lytic component L1 K11033 non-hemolytic enterotoxin A K11034 non-hemolytic enterotoxin B/C K20480 HTH-type transcriptional regulator, quorum sensing regulator NprR K20481 regulatory peptide NprX K20482 lantibiotic bacteriocin K20483 class I lanthipeptide synthase [EC:3.13.2.4] K20484 class I lanthipeptide synthase [EC:3.13.2.4] K20485 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, bacterial NisT/SpaT K20486 lantibiotic leader peptide-processing serine protease [EC:3.4.21.-] K20487 two-component system, OmpR family, lantibiotic biosynthesis sensor histidine kinase NisK/SpaK [EC:2.7.13.3] K20488 two-component system, OmpR family, lantibiotic biosynthesis response regulator NisR/SpaR K20489 lantibiotic immunity protein K20490 lantibiotic transport system ATP-binding protein K20491 lantibiotic transport system permease protein K20492 lantibiotic transport system permease protein K20494 lantibiotic transport system permease protein COMPOUND C00007 Oxygen C00009 Orthophosphate C00059 Sulfate C00232 Succinate semialdehyde C00334 4-Aminobutanoate C00547 L-Noradrenaline C00788 L-Adrenaline C01019 L-Fucose C11837 N-Butyryl-L-homoserine lactone C11841 N-(3-Oxooctanoyl)homoserine lactone C11844 N-Heptanoylhomoserine lactone C11845 N-(3-Hydroxy-7-cis-tetradecenoyl)homoserine lactone C11848 2-Heptyl-3-hydroxy-quinolone C16421 AI-2 C16463 3',5'-Cyclic diGMP C16640 CAI-1 C18049 N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone C18206 cis-11-Methyl-2-dodecenoic acid C20643 2-Heptyl-4(1H)-quinolone C20677 N-(4-Coumaroyl)-L-homoserine lactone C20959 (4S)-4-Hydroxy-5-phosphooxypentane-2,3-dione C21195 N-(3-Hydroxybutanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone C21197 N-Hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone C21198 N-(3-Oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone C21199 N-Octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone C21200 N-3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-L-homoserine lactone C21201 N-3-Oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone C21202 cis-2-Dodecenoic acid C21220 AIP-1 C21221 CSP C21222 CSP C21223 Blp C21224 SHP2 C21225 SHP3 C21226 cCF10 C21227 iCF10 C21228 cAD1 C21229 iAD1 C21230 ComX pheromone C21231 PhrA pentapeptide C21232 PhrC pentapeptide C21233 PhrE pentapeptide C21234 PhrF pentapeptide C21235 PhrG pentapeptide C21236 PhrH pentapeptide C21237 PhrK pentapeptide C21238 NprX peptide C21239 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