ENTRY ko00860 Pathway NAME Porphyrin metabolism DESCRIPTION Porphyrins are a group of chemical compounds with the backbone ring structure consisting of four linked pyrrole units. Metal complexes of porphyrins, as well as those of corrinoids with the one-carbon shorter ring structure, play important biological roles. They include iron-containing heme, magnesium-containing chlorophyll, nickel-containing coenzyme F430 and cobalt-containing cobamide (such as vitamin B12 coenzyme) as shown in this map. CLASS Metabolism; Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins PATHWAY_MAP ko00860 Porphyrin metabolism MODULE M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:ko00860] M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:ko00860] M00836 Coenzyme F430 biosynthesis, sirohydrochlorin => coenzyme F430 [PATH:ko00860] M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:ko00860] M00847 Heme biosynthesis, archaea, siroheme => heme [PATH:ko00860] M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:ko00860] M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:ko00860] M00925 Cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => precorrin 2 => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:ko00860] M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:ko00860] DRUG D04413 Halofuginone hydrobromide (USAN) D08034 Halofuginone (INN) DBLINKS GO: 0006778 ORTHOLOGY K00214 BLVRA, bvdR; biliverdin reductase [EC:1.3.1.24] K00218 por; protochlorophyllide reductase [EC:1.3.1.33] K00228 CPOX, hemF; coproporphyrinogen III oxidase [EC:1.3.3.3] K00230 hemG; menaquinone-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase [EC:1.3.5.3] K00231 PPOX, hemY; protoporphyrinogen/coproporphyrinogen III oxidase [EC:1.3.3.4 1.3.3.15] K00435 hemQ; hydrogen peroxide-dependent heme synthase [EC:1.3.98.5] K00510 HMOX1; heme oxygenase 1 [EC:1.14.14.18] K00522 FTH1; ferritin heavy chain [EC:1.16.3.1] K00589 MET1; uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.107] K00595 cobL-cbiET; precorrin-6B C5,15-methyltransferase / cobalt-precorrin-6B C5,C15-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.132 2.1.1.289 2.1.1.196] K00643 E2.3.1.37, ALAS; 5-aminolevulinate synthase [EC:2.3.1.37] K00699 UGT; glucuronosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.17] K00768 E2.4.2.21, cobU, cobT; nicotinate-nucleotide--dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase [EC:2.4.2.21] K00798 MMAB, pduO; cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase [EC:2.5.1.17] K01195 uidA, GUSB; beta-glucuronidase [EC:3.2.1.31] K01599 hemE, UROD; uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.37] K01698 hemB, ALAD; porphobilinogen synthase [EC:4.2.1.24] K01719 hemD, UROS; uroporphyrinogen-III synthase [EC:4.2.1.75] K01749 hemC, HMBS; hydroxymethylbilane synthase [EC:2.5.1.61] K01764 HCCS; cytochrome c heme-lyase [EC:4.4.1.17] K01772 hemH, FECH; protoporphyrin/coproporphyrin ferrochelatase [EC:4.98.1.1 4.99.1.9] K01845 hemL; glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase [EC:5.4.3.8] K01885 EARS, gltX; glutamyl-tRNA synthetase [EC:6.1.1.17] K02188 cbiD; cobalt-precorrin-5B (C1)-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.195] K02189 cbiG; cobalt-precorrin 5A hydrolase [EC:3.7.1.12] K02190 cbiK; sirohydrochlorin cobaltochelatase [EC:4.99.1.3] K02191 cbiT; cobalt-precorrin-6B (C15)-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.196] K02224 cobB-cbiA; cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase [EC:6.3.5.9 6.3.5.11] K02225 cobC1, cobC; cobalamin biosynthesis protein CobC K02226 cobC, phpB; alpha-ribazole phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.73] K02227 cbiB, cobD; adenosylcobinamide-phosphate synthase [EC:6.3.1.10] K02228 cobF; precorrin-6A synthase [EC:2.1.1.152] K02229 cobG; precorrin-3B synthase [EC:1.14.13.83] K02230 cobN; cobaltochelatase CobN [EC:6.6.1.2] K02231 cobP, cobU; adenosylcobinamide kinase / adenosylcobinamide-phosphate guanylyltransferase [EC:2.7.1.156 2.7.7.62] K02232 cobQ, cbiP; adenosylcobyric acid synthase [EC:6.3.5.10] K02233 E2.7.8.26, cobS, cobV; adenosylcobinamide-GDP ribazoletransferase [EC:2.7.8.26] K02257 COX10, ctaB, cyoE; heme o synthase [EC:2.5.1.141] K02259 COX15, ctaA; heme a synthase [EC:1.17.99.9] K02302 cysG; uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase / precorrin-2 dehydrogenase / sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase [EC:2.1.1.107 1.3.1.76 4.99.1.4] K02303 cobA; uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.107] K02304 MET8; precorrin-2 dehydrogenase / sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase [EC:1.3.1.76 4.99.1.4] K02492 hemA; glutamyl-tRNA reductase [EC:1.2.1.70] K02495 hemN, hemZ; oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen III oxidase [EC:1.3.98.3] K02496 hemX; uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.107] K03394 cobI-cbiL; precorrin-2/cobalt-factor-2 C20-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.130 2.1.1.151] K03399 cbiE; cobalt-precorrin-7 (C5)-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.289] K03403 chlH, bchH; magnesium chelatase subunit H [EC:6.6.1.1] K03404 chlD, bchD; magnesium chelatase subunit D [EC:6.6.1.1] K03405 chlI, bchI; magnesium chelatase subunit I [EC:6.6.1.1] K03428 bchM, chlM; magnesium-protoporphyrin O-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.11] K03594 bfr; bacterioferritin [EC:1.16.3.1] K03794 sirB; sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase [EC:4.99.1.4] K03795 cbiX; sirohydrochlorin cobaltochelatase [EC:4.99.1.3] K04032 eutT; ethanolamine utilization cobalamin adenosyltransferase [EC:2.5.1.154] K04034 bchE; anaerobic magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase [EC:1.21.98.3] K04035 E1.14.13.81, acsF, chlE; magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase [EC:1.14.13.81] K04036 bchJ; divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase [EC:1.-.-.-] K04037 chlL; light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase subunit L [EC:1.3.7.7] K04038 chlN; light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase subunit N [EC:1.3.7.7] K04039 chlB; light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase subunit B [EC:1.3.7.7] K04040 chlG, bchG; chlorophyll/bacteriochlorophyll a synthase [EC:2.5.1.62 2.5.1.133] K04720 cobD; threonine-phosphate decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.81] K05369 pebA; 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.3.7.2] K05370 pebB; phycoerythrobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.3.7.3] K05371 pcyA; phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.3.7.5] K05895 cobK-cbiJ; precorrin-6A/cobalt-precorrin-6A reductase [EC:1.3.1.54 1.3.1.106] K05901 BLVRB; biliverdin reductase / flavin reductase [EC:1.3.1.24 1.5.1.30] K05934 cobJ, cbiH; precorrin-3B C17-methyltransferase / cobalt-factor III methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.131 2.1.1.272] K05936 cobM, cbiF; precorrin-4/cobalt-precorrin-4 C11-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.133 2.1.1.271] K06042 cobH-cbiC; precorrin-8X/cobalt-precorrin-8 methylmutase [EC:5.4.99.61 5.4.99.60] K07145 isdG, isdI; heme oxygenase (staphylobilin-producing) [EC:1.14.99.48] K07215 pigA, hemO; heme oxygenase (biliverdin-IX-beta and delta-forming) [EC:1.14.99.58] K07226 hutZ, hugZ; heme oxygenase (biliverdin-IX-beta and delta-forming) [EC:1.14.99.58] K08099 E3.1.1.14; chlorophyllase [EC:3.1.1.14] K08100 E1.3.3.5; bilirubin oxidase [EC:1.3.3.5] K08101 HY2; phytochromobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.3.7.4] K08260 cbiZ; adenosylcobinamide hydrolase [EC:3.5.1.90] K08973 hemJ; protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase [EC:1.3.99.-] K09882 cobS; cobaltochelatase CobS [EC:6.6.1.2] K09883 cobT; cobaltochelatase CobT [EC:6.6.1.2] K10960 chlP, bchP; geranylgeranyl diphosphate/geranylgeranyl-bacteriochlorophyllide a reductase [EC:1.3.1.83 1.3.1.111] K11333 bchX; 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a/chlorophyllide a reductase subunit X [EC:1.3.7.14 1.3.7.15] K11334 bchY; 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a/chlorophyllide a reductase subunit Y [EC:1.3.7.14 1.3.7.15] K11335 bchZ; 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a/chlorophyllide a reductase subunit Z [EC:1.3.7.14 1.3.7.15] K11336 bchF; 3-vinyl bacteriochlorophyllide hydratase [EC:4.2.1.165] K11337 bchC; bacteriochlorophyllide a dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.396] K13071 PAO, ACD1; pheophorbide a oxygenase [EC:1.14.15.17] K13540 cobIJ; precorrin-2 C20-methyltransferase / precorrin-3B C17-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.130 2.1.1.131] K13541 cbiGH-cobJ; cobalt-precorrin 5A hydrolase / cobalt-factor III methyltransferase / precorrin-3B C17-methyltransferase [EC:3.7.1.12 2.1.1.272 2.1.1.131] K13542 cobA-hemD; uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase / synthase [EC:2.1.1.107 4.2.1.75] K13543 hemDX; uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase / synthase [EC:2.1.1.107 4.2.1.75] K13544 PPD, MES16; pheophorbidase [EC:3.1.1.82] K13545 RCCR, ACD2; red chlorophyll catabolite reductase [EC:1.3.7.12] K13600 CAO; chlorophyllide a oxygenase [EC:1.14.13.122] K13601 bchQ; bacteriochlorophyllide d C-8(2)-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.332] K13602 bchR; bacteriochlorophyllide d C-12(1)-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.331] K13603 bchV; 3-vinyl bacteriochlorophyllide hydratase [EC:4.2.1.169] K13604 bchU; bacteriochlorophyllide d C-20 methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.333] K13605 bchK; bacteriochlorophyll c synthase [EC:2.5.1.-] K13606 NOL, NYC1; chlorophyll(ide) b reductase [EC:1.1.1.294] K13624 CP; ceruloplasmin [EC:1.16.3.1] K13625 FTL; ferritin light chain K13786 cobR; cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase [EC:1.16.8.-] K14163 EPRS; bifunctional glutamyl/prolyl-tRNA synthetase [EC:6.1.1.17 6.1.1.15] K14735 HEPH; hephaestin [EC:1.16.3.1] K16651 pduX; L-threonine kinase [EC:2.7.1.177] K18010 HCAR; 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase [EC:1.17.7.2] K18495 FTMT; ferritin, mitochondrial [EC:1.16.3.1] K19054 FXN; frataxin [EC:1.16.3.1] K19073 DVR; divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase [EC:1.3.1.75] K19221 cobA, btuR; cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase [EC:2.5.1.17] K19712 cobY; adenosylcobinamide-phosphate guanylyltransferase [EC:2.7.7.62] K21058 bciC; chlorophyllide a hydrolase [EC:3.1.1.100] K21231 bciB; 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase (ferredoxin) [EC:1.3.7.13] K21312 bciD; bacteriochlorophyllide c C-7(1)-hydroxylase [EC:1.17.98.2] K21418 HMOX2; heme oxygenase 2 [EC:1.14.14.18] K21479 cbiH60; cobalt-factor III methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.272] K21480 HO, pbsA1, hmuO; heme oxygenase (biliverdin-producing, ferredoxin) [EC:1.14.15.20] K21610 cfbC; Ni-sirohydrochlorin a,c-diamide reductive cyclase subunit CfbC [EC:6.3.3.7] K21611 cfbD; Ni-sirohydrochlorin a,c-diamide reductive cyclase subunit CfbD [EC:6.3.3.7] K21612 cfbE; coenzyme F430 synthetase [EC:6.4.1.9] K21796 pebS; Prochlorococcus phage phycoerythrobilin synthase [EC:1.3.7.6] K22011 cfbA; sirohydrochlorin cobalto/nickelchelatase [EC:4.99.1.3 4.99.1.11] K22012 cfbB; Ni-sirohydrochlorin a,c-diamide synthase [EC:6.3.5.12] K22013 SGR, SGRL; magnesium dechelatase [EC:4.99.1.10] K22225 ahbAB; siroheme decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.111] K22226 ahbC; Fe-coproporphyrin III synthase K22227 ahbD; AdoMet-dependent heme synthase [EC:1.3.98.6] K22316 rhnA-cobC; ribonuclease H / adenosylcobalamin/alpha-ribazole phosphatase [EC:3.1.26.4 3.1.3.73] K22336 bfrB; bacterioferritin B [EC:1.16.3.1] K22465 bzaA_B; 5-hydroxybenzimidazole synthase [EC:4.1.99.23] K22466 bzaF; 5-hydroxybenzimidazole synthase [EC:4.1.99.23] K22552 mmcO; multicopper oxidase [EC:1.16.3.1] K23825 K23825; F420H(2)-dependent biliverdin reductase K24866 sirC; precorrin-2 dehydrogenase K24867 nirN; dihydro-heme d1 dehydrogenase K25033 chdC, hemQ; hydrogen peroxide-dependent heme synthase K25496 cbiR; adenosylcobalamin phosphodiesterase K25497 bzaC; 5-hydroxybenzimidazole ribotide O-methyltransferase K25498 bzaD; 5-methoxybenzimidazole methyltransferase K25499 bzaE; 5-methoxy-6-methylbenzimidazole methyltransferase COMPOUND C00025 L-Glutamate C00032 Heme C00037 Glycine C00188 L-Threonine C00194 Cobamide coenzyme C00430 5-Aminolevulinate C00486 Bilirubin C00500 Biliverdin C00524 Cytochrome c C00541 Cob(II)alamin C00748 Siroheme C00853 Cob(I)alamin C00931 Porphobilinogen C00992 Aquacob(III)alamin C01024 Hydroxymethylbilane C01051 Uroporphyrinogen III C01079 Protoporphyrinogen IX C01708 Hemoglobin C02139 Chlorophyllide C02191 Protoporphyrin C02463 Precorrin 2 C02469 Uroporphyrin III C02800 4,5-Dioxopentanoate C02823 Cyanocobalamin C02880 Protochlorophyllide C02987 L-Glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) C03029 Transferrin[Fe(II)]2 C03114 Dimethylbenzimidazole C03179 Transferrin[Fe(III)]2 C03194 (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol C03263 Coproporphyrinogen III C03373 Aminoimidazole ribotide C03516 Magnesium protoporphyrin C03741 (S)-4-Amino-5-oxopentanoate C04122 D-1-Aminopropan-2-ol O-phosphate C04536 Magnesium protoporphyrin monomethyl ester C04778 N1-(5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole C05306 Chlorophyll a C05307 Chlorophyll b C05766 Uroporphyrinogen I C05767 Uroporphyrin I C05768 Coproporphyrinogen I C05769 Coproporphyrin I C05770 Coproporphyrin III C05772 Precorrin 3A C05773 Cobyrinate C05774 Cobinamide C05775 alpha-Ribazole C05777 Coenzyme F430 C05778 Sirohydrochlorin C05779 Apoferritin C05780 Apotransferrin C05781 Oxyhemoglobin C05782 Myoglobin C05783 Cytochrome a C05784 Catalase C05785 Peroxidase C05786 (3Z)-Phycocyanobilin C05787 Bilirubin beta-diglucuronide C05789 L-Urobilinogen C05790 I-Urobilinogen C05791 D-Urobilinogen C05793 L-Urobilin C05794 Urobilin C05795 D-Urobilin C05797 Pheophytin a C05798 Bacteriopheophytin C05912 (3Z)-Phycoerythrobilin C05913 (3Z)-Phytochromobilin C06319 Precorrin 6Y C06320 Precorrin 6X C06399 Hydrogenobyrinate C06406 Precorrin 3B C06407 Precorrin 4 C06408 Precorrin 8X C06416 Precorrin 5 C06503 Hydrogenobyrinate a,c diamide C06504 Cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide C06505 Cob(I)yrinate a,c diamide C06506 Adenosyl cobyrinate a,c diamide C06507 Adenosyl cobyrinate hexaamide C06508 Adenosyl cobinamide C06509 Adenosyl cobinamide phosphate C06510 Adenosine-GDP-cobinamide C11242 Bacteriochlorophyll a C11243 Bacteriochlorophyll b C11538 Cobalt-sirohydrochlorin C11540 Cobalt-precorrin 4 C11542 Cobalt-precorrin 6 C11543 Cobalt-dihydro-precorrin 6 C11545 Cobalt-precorrin 8 C11630 15,16-Dihydrobiliverdin C11829 13(1)-Hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester C11830 13(1)-Oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester C11831 Divinylprotochlorophyllide C11832 Divinyl chlorophyllide a C11850 Divinylchlorophyll a C11851 Zn-Bacteriochlorophyll a C12147 L-Threonine O-3-phosphate C14818 Fe2+ C14819 Fe3+ C15670 Heme A C15672 Heme O C16242 Cobalt-precorrin 5A C16243 Cobalt-precorrin 5B C16244 Cobalt-precorrin 7 C16540 7(1)-Hydroxychlorophyllide a C16541 Chlorophyllide b C17401 Cobalt-factor III C18021 Pheophorbide a C18022 Red chlorophyll catabolite C18064 Pyropheophorbide a C18098 Primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite C18151 7(1)-Hydroxychlorophyll a C18152 3-Vinylbacteriochlorophyllide a C18153 3-Hydroxyethylbacteriochlorophyllide a C18154 3-Hydroxyethylchlorophyllide a C18155 Bacteriochlorophyllide a C18156 Bacteriochlorophyllide b C18157 8-Ethyl-12-methyl-3-vinylbacteriochlorophyllide d C18160 Bacteriochlorophyllide d C18161 Bacteriochlorophyllide c C18162 Bacteriochlorophyll d C18163 Bacteriochlorophyll c C19608 Ferritin C20666 5-Oxo-delta-bilirubin C21217 Geranylgeranyl bacteriochlorophyllide a C21284 Fe-coproporphyrin III C21427 8,12-Diethyl-3-vinylbacteriochlorophyllide d C21428 12-Ethyl-8-propyl-3-vinylbacteriochlorophyllide d C21429 12-Ethyl-8-isobutyl-3-vinylbacteriochlorophyllide d C21431 8-Ethyl-12-methylbacteriochlorophyllide d C21432 8,12-Diethylbacteriochlorophyllide d C21433 12-Ethyl-8-propylbacteriochlorophyllide d C21434 12-Ethyl-8-isobutylbacteriochlorophyllide d C21435 Geranylgeranyl bacteriochlorophyllide b C21510 Nickel-sirohydrochlorin C21511 Nickel-sirohydrochlorin a,c-diamide C21512 15,17(3)-Seco-F430-17(3)-acid C21582 Bacteriochlorophyllide e C21723 Biliverdin-IX-delta C21724 Biliverdin-IX-beta C21764 5-Hydroxybenzimidazole C21835 12,18-Didecarboxysiroheme C22338 Dihydro-heme d1 C22339 Heme d1 C22450 5-Methoxybenzimidazole C22451 5-Methoxy-6-methylbenzimidazole REFERENCE PMID:9461500 AUTHORS Woodcock SC, Raux E, Levillayer F, Thermes C, Rambach A, Warren MJ. TITLE Effect of mutations in the transmethylase and dehydrogenase/chelatase domains of sirohaem synthase (CysG) on sirohaem and cobalamin biosynthesis. JOURNAL Biochem J 330:121-9 (1998) DOI:10.1042/bj3300121 REFERENCE PMID:10217486 AUTHORS Johansson P, Hederstedt L TITLE Organization of genes for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in gram--positive bacteria. JOURNAL Microbiology 145 ( Pt 3):529-38 (1999) DOI:10.1099/13500872-145-3-529 REFERENCE PMID:10518530 AUTHORS Maggio-Hall LA, Escalante-Semerena JC. TITLE In vitro synthesis of the nucleotide loop of cobalamin by Salmonella typhimurium enzymes. JOURNAL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:11798-803 (1999) DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.21.11798 REFERENCE PMID:11007789 AUTHORS Roper JM, Raux E, Brindley AA, Schubert HL, Gharbia SE, Shah HN, Warren MJ. TITLE The enigma of cobalamin (Vitamin B12) biosynthesis in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Identification and characterization of a functional corrin pathway. JOURNAL J Biol Chem 275:40316-23 (2000) DOI:10.1074/jbc.M007146200 REFERENCE PMID:12196148 AUTHORS Scott AI, Roessner CA. TITLE Biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B(12)). JOURNAL Biochem Soc Trans 30:613-20 (2002) DOI:10.1042/bst0300613 REFERENCE PMID:12195810 AUTHORS Warren MJ, Raux E, Schubert HL, Escalante-Semerena JC. TITLE The biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin (vitamin B12). JOURNAL Nat Prod Rep 19:390-412 (2002) DOI:10.1039/b108967f REFERENCE PMID:12055304 AUTHORS Roessner CA, Huang KX, Warren MJ, Raux E, Scott AI. TITLE Isolation and characterization of 14 additional genes specifying the anaerobic biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in Propionibacterium freudenreichii (P. shermanii). JOURNAL Microbiology 148:1845-53 (2002) DOI:10.1099/00221287-148-6-1845 REFERENCE PMID:11283349 AUTHORS Frankenberg N, Mukougawa K, Kohchi T, Lagarias JC. TITLE Functional genomic analysis of the HY2 family of ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductases from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. JOURNAL Plant Cell 13:965-78 (2001) DOI:10.1105/tpc.13.4.965 REFERENCE PMID:17506685 AUTHORS Chew AG, Bryant DA TITLE Chlorophyll biosynthesis in bacteria: the origins of structural and functional diversity. JOURNAL Annu Rev Microbiol 61:113-29 (2007) DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093242 REFERENCE PMID:16245042 AUTHORS Frigaard NU, Chew AG, Li H, Maresca JA, Bryant DA TITLE Chlorobium tepidum: insights into the structure, physiology, and metabolism of a green sulfur bacterium derived from the complete genome sequence. JOURNAL Photosynth Res 78:93-117 (2003) DOI:10.1023/B:PRES.0000004310.96189.b4 REFERENCE PMID:23042036 AUTHORS Deery E, Schroeder S, Lawrence AD, Taylor SL, Seyedarabi A, Waterman J, Wilson KS, Brown D, Geeves MA, Howard MJ, Pickersgill RW, Warren MJ TITLE An enzyme-trap approach allows isolation of intermediates in cobalamin biosynthesis. JOURNAL Nat Chem Biol 8:933-40 (2012) DOI:10.1038/nchembio.1086 REFERENCE PMID:23922391 AUTHORS Moore SJ, Lawrence AD, Biedendieck R, Deery E, Frank S, Howard MJ, Rigby SE, Warren MJ TITLE Elucidation of the anaerobic pathway for the corrin component of cobalamin (vitamin B12). JOURNAL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:14906-11 (2013) DOI:10.1073/pnas.1308098110 REL_PATHWAY ko00230 Purine metabolism ko00250 Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism ko00260 Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism ko00740 Riboflavin metabolism ///