ENTRY ko00680 Pathway NAME Methane metabolism DESCRIPTION Methane is metabolized principally by methanotrophs and methanogens in the global carbon cycle. Methanotrophs consume methane as the only source of carbon, while methanogens produce methane as a metabolic byproduct. Methylotrophs, which are microorganisms that can obtain energy for growth by oxidizing one-carbon compounds, such as methanol and methane, are situated between methanotrophs and methanogens. Methanogens can obtain energy for growth by converting a limited number of substrates to methane under anaerobic conditions. Three types of methanogenic pathways are known: CO2 to methane [MD:M00567], methanol to methane [MD:M00356], and acetate to methane [MD:M00357]. Methanogens use 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (CoM; coenzyme M) as the terminal methyl carrier in methanogenesis and have four enzymes for CoM biosynthesis [MD:M00358]. Coenzyme B-Coenzyme M heterodisulfide reductase (Hdr), requiring for the final reaction steps of methanogenic pathway, is divided into two types: cytoplasmic HdrABC in most methanogens and membrane-bound HdrED in Methanosarcina species. In methanotrophs and methyltrophs methane is oxidized to form formaldehyde, which is at the diverging point for further oxidation to CO2 for energy source and assimilation for biosynthesis. There are three pathways that convert formaldehyde to C2 or C3 compounds: serine pathway [MD:M00346], ribulose monophosphate pathway [MD:M00345], and xylulose monophosphate pathway [MD:M00344]. The first two pathways are found in prokaryotes and the third is found in yeast. As a special case of methylotrophs, various amines can be used as carbon sources in trimethylamine metabolism [MD:M00563]. CLASS Metabolism; Energy metabolism PATHWAY_MAP ko00680 Methane metabolism MODULE M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ko00680] M00174 Methane oxidation, methanotroph, methane => formaldehyde [PATH:ko00680] M00344 Formaldehyde assimilation, xylulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:ko00680] M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:ko00680] M00346 Formaldehyde assimilation, serine pathway [PATH:ko00680] M00356 Methanogenesis, methanol => methane [PATH:ko00680] M00357 Methanogenesis, acetate => methane [PATH:ko00680] M00358 Coenzyme M biosynthesis [PATH:ko00680] M00378 F420 biosynthesis, archaea [PATH:ko00680] M00422 Acetyl-CoA pathway, CO2 => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ko00680] M00563 Methanogenesis, methylamine/dimethylamine/trimethylamine => methane [PATH:ko00680] M00567 Methanogenesis, CO2 => methane [PATH:ko00680] M00608 2-Oxocarboxylic acid chain extension, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-oxoadipate => 2-oxopimelate => 2-oxosuberate [PATH:ko00680] M00935 Methanofuran biosynthesis [PATH:ko00680] DBLINKS GO: 0015947 ORTHOLOGY K16157 methane monooxygenase component A alpha chain [EC:1.14.13.25] K16158 methane monooxygenase component A beta chain [EC:1.14.13.25] K16159 methane monooxygenase component A gamma chain [EC:1.14.13.25] K16160 methane monooxygenase regulatory protein B K16161 methane monooxygenase component C [EC:1.14.13.25] K16162 methane monooxygenase component D K10944 methane/ammonia monooxygenase subunit A [EC:1.14.18.3 1.14.99.39] K10945 methane/ammonia monooxygenase subunit B K10946 methane/ammonia monooxygenase subunit C K14028 methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) subunit 1 [EC:1.1.2.7] K16254 mxaJ protein K16255 cytochrome c-L K14029 methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) subunit 2 [EC:1.1.2.7] K16256 mxaA protein K16257 mxaC protein K16258 mxaK protein K16259 mxaL protein K16260 mxaD protein K23995 lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.2.10] K17066 alcohol oxidase [EC:1.1.3.13] K00093 methanol dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.244] K00148 glutathione-independent formaldehyde dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.46] K17067 formaldehyde dismutase / methanol dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.98.1 1.1.99.37] K17068 formaldehyde dismutase [EC:1.2.98.1] K03396 S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione synthase [EC:4.4.1.22] K00121 S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase / alcohol dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.284 1.1.1.1] K01070 S-formylglutathione hydrolase [EC:3.1.2.12] K00122 formate dehydrogenase [EC:1.17.1.9] K00123 formate dehydrogenase major subunit [EC:1.17.1.9] K22515 formate dehydrogenase beta subunit [EC:1.17.1.9] K00124 formate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur subunit K00127 formate dehydrogenase subunit gamma K00126 formate dehydrogenase subunit delta [EC:1.17.1.9] K22516 formate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) alpha subunit [EC:1.17.98.3 1.8.98.6] K00125 formate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) beta subunit [EC:1.17.98.3 1.8.98.6] K05299 formate dehydrogenase (NADP+) alpha subunit [EC:1.17.1.10] K15022 formate dehydrogenase (NADP+) beta subunit [EC:1.17.1.10] K22015 formate dehydrogenase (hydrogenase) [EC:1.17.98.4 1.17.98.-] K25123 iron hydrogenase HydA2 [EC:1.12.7.-] K25124 FeS-containing electron transfer protein K00192 anaerobic carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase, CODH/ACS complex subunit alpha [EC:1.2.7.4] K00195 anaerobic carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase, CODH/ACS complex subunit epsilon K00193 acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase, CODH/ACS complex subunit beta [EC:2.3.1.169] K00197 acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase, CODH/ACS complex subunit gamma [EC:2.1.1.245] K00194 acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase, CODH/ACS complex subunit delta [EC:2.1.1.245] K00198 anaerobic carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase catalytic subunit [EC:1.2.7.4] K00196 anaerobic carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase iron sulfur subunit K00600 glycine hydroxymethyltransferase [EC:2.1.2.1] K00830 alanine-glyoxylate transaminase / serine-glyoxylate transaminase / serine-pyruvate transaminase [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51] K00018 glycerate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.29] K11529 glycerate 2-kinase [EC:2.7.1.165] K01689 enolase 1/2/3 [EC:4.2.1.11] K01595 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase [EC:4.1.1.31] K00024 malate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.37] K08692 malate-CoA ligase subunit alpha [EC:6.2.1.9] K14067 malate-CoA ligase subunit beta [EC:6.2.1.9] K08691 malyl-CoA/(S)-citramalyl-CoA lyase [EC:4.1.3.24 4.1.3.25] K17100 dihydroxyacetone synthase [EC:2.2.1.3] K00863 triose/dihydroxyacetone kinase / FAD-AMP lyase (cyclizing) [EC:2.7.1.28 2.7.1.29 4.6.1.15] K01623 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class I [EC:4.1.2.13] K11645 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class I [EC:4.1.2.13] K01624 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class II [EC:4.1.2.13] K01622 fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphatase [EC:4.1.2.13 3.1.3.11] K16305 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase / 6-deoxy-5-ketofructose 1-phosphate synthase [EC:4.1.2.13 2.2.1.11] K16306 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase / 2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate synthase [EC:4.1.2.13 2.2.1.10] K03841 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase I [EC:3.1.3.11] K02446 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase II [EC:3.1.3.11] K11532 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase II / sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase [EC:3.1.3.11 3.1.3.37] K01086 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase I / sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase [EC:3.1.3.11 3.1.3.37] K04041 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase III [EC:3.1.3.11] K24182 6-phosphofructokinase [EC:2.7.1.11] K00850 6-phosphofructokinase 1 [EC:2.7.1.11] K16370 6-phosphofructokinase 2 [EC:2.7.1.11] K21071 ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase / diphosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase [EC:2.7.1.11 2.7.1.90] K00918 ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase/glucokinase [EC:2.7.1.146 2.7.1.147] K08094 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase [EC:5.3.1.27] K08093 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase [EC:4.1.2.43] K13812 bifunctional enzyme Fae/Hps [EC:4.2.1.147 4.1.2.43] K13831 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase / 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase [EC:4.1.2.43 5.3.1.27] K00317 dimethylamine/trimethylamine dehydrogenase [EC:1.5.8.1 1.5.8.2] K18277 trimethylamine monooxygenase [EC:1.14.13.148] K07811 trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) [EC:1.7.2.3] K03532 trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c), cytochrome c-type subunit TorC K03533 TorA specific chaperone K07821 trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c), cytochrome c-type subunit TorY K07812 trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) [EC:1.7.2.3] K15228 methylamine dehydrogenase light chain [EC:1.4.9.1] K15229 methylamine dehydrogenase heavy chain [EC:1.4.9.1] K08685 quinohemoprotein amine dehydrogenase [EC:1.4.9.1] K22081 methylamine---glutamate N-methyltransferase subunit A [EC:2.1.1.21] K22082 methylamine---glutamate N-methyltransferase subunit B [EC:2.1.1.21] K22083 methylamine---glutamate N-methyltransferase subunit C [EC:2.1.1.21] K22084 methylglutamate dehydrogenase subunit A [EC:1.5.99.5] K22085 methylglutamate dehydrogenase subunit B [EC:1.5.99.5] K22086 methylglutamate dehydrogenase subunit C [EC:1.5.99.5] K22087 methylglutamate dehydrogenase subunit D [EC:1.5.99.5] K00200 formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase subunit A [EC:1.2.7.12] K00201 formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase subunit B [EC:1.2.7.12] K00202 formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase subunit C [EC:1.2.7.12] K00203 formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase subunit D [EC:1.2.7.12] K00204 4Fe-4S ferredoxin K00205 4Fe-4S ferredoxin K11260 4Fe-4S ferredoxin K11261 formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase subunit E [EC:1.2.7.12] K00672 formylmethanofuran--tetrahydromethanopterin N-formyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.101] K01499 methenyltetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase [EC:3.5.4.27] K00319 methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase [EC:1.5.98.1] K00440 coenzyme F420 hydrogenase subunit alpha [EC:1.12.98.1] K00441 coenzyme F420 hydrogenase subunit beta [EC:1.12.98.1] K00442 coenzyme F420 hydrogenase subunit delta K00443 coenzyme F420 hydrogenase subunit gamma [EC:1.12.98.1] K00300 methylenetetrahydrofolate/methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.5.1.5 1.5.1.-] K10714 methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase [EC:1.5.1.-] K13942 5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin hydrogenase [EC:1.12.98.2] K10713 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin hydro-lyase [EC:4.2.1.147] K00320 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase [EC:1.5.98.2] K00577 tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase subunit A [EC:7.2.1.4] K00578 tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase subunit B [EC:7.2.1.4] K00579 tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase subunit C [EC:7.2.1.4] K00580 tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase subunit D [EC:7.2.1.4] K00581 tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase subunit E [EC:7.2.1.4] K00582 tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase subunit F [EC:7.2.1.4] K00583 tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase subunit G [EC:7.2.1.4] K00584 tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase subunit H [EC:7.2.1.4] K00399 methyl-coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit [EC:2.8.4.1] K00400 methyl coenzyme M reductase system, component A2 K00401 methyl-coenzyme M reductase beta subunit [EC:2.8.4.1] K00402 methyl-coenzyme M reductase gamma subunit [EC:2.8.4.1] K03421 methyl-coenzyme M reductase subunit C K03422 methyl-coenzyme M reductase subunit D K22480 heterodisulfide reductase subunit A1 [EC:1.8.7.3] K22481 heterodisulfide reductase subunit B1 [EC:1.8.7.3] K22482 heterodisulfide reductase subunit C1 [EC:1.8.7.3] K03388 heterodisulfide reductase subunit A2 [EC:1.8.7.3 1.8.98.4 1.8.98.5 1.8.98.6] K03389 heterodisulfide reductase subunit B2 [EC:1.8.7.3 1.8.98.4 1.8.98.5 1.8.98.6] K03390 heterodisulfide reductase subunit C2 [EC:1.8.7.3 1.8.98.4 1.8.98.5 1.8.98.6] K08264 heterodisulfide reductase subunit D [EC:1.8.98.1] K08265 heterodisulfide reductase subunit E [EC:1.8.98.1] K14127 F420-non-reducing hydrogenase iron-sulfur subunit [EC:1.12.99.- 1.8.98.5 1.8.98.6] K14126 F420-non-reducing hydrogenase large subunit [EC:1.12.99.- 1.8.98.5] K14128 F420-non-reducing hydrogenase small subunit [EC:1.12.99.- 1.8.98.5] K00925 acetate kinase [EC:2.7.2.1] K00625 phosphate acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.8] K13788 phosphate acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.8] K01895 acetyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1.1] K00169 pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase alpha subunit [EC:1.2.7.1] K00170 pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase beta subunit [EC:1.2.7.1] K00172 pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase gamma subunit [EC:1.2.7.1] K00189 2-oxoisovalerate/pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase gamma subunit [EC:1.2.7.7 1.2.7.1] K00171 pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase delta subunit [EC:1.2.7.1] K01007 pyruvate, water dikinase [EC:2.7.9.2] K01834 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.11] K15634 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.11] K15633 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.12] K15635 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.12] K00058 D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase / 2-oxoglutarate reductase [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399] K00831 phosphoserine aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.52] K01079 phosphoserine phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.3] K02203 phosphoserine / homoserine phosphotransferase [EC:3.1.3.3 2.7.1.39] K22305 phosphoserine phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.3] K25528 phosphoserine phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.3] K14080 [methyl-Co(III) methanol/glycine betaine-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.246 2.1.1.377] K04480 methanol---5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide Co-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.90] K14081 methanol corrinoid protein K14082 [methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.247] K14083 trimethylamine---corrinoid protein Co-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.250] K14084 trimethylamine corrinoid protein K16176 methylamine---corrinoid protein Co-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.248] K16177 monomethylamine corrinoid protein K16178 dimethylamine---corrinoid protein Co-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.249] K16179 dimethylamine corrinoid protein K08097 phosphosulfolactate synthase [EC:4.4.1.19] K05979 2-phosphosulfolactate phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.71] K05884 L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+) [EC:1.1.1.337] K06034 sulfopyruvate decarboxylase subunit alpha [EC:4.1.1.79] K13039 sulfopyruvate decarboxylase subunit beta [EC:4.1.1.79] K24393 sulfopyruvate decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.79] K11779 FO synthase [EC:2.5.1.147 4.3.1.32] K11781 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil---L-tyrosine 4-hydroxyphenyl transferase [EC:2.5.1.147] K11780 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin synthase [EC:4.3.1.32] K14941 2-phospho-L-lactate/phosphoenolpyruvate guanylyltransferase [EC:2.7.7.68 2.7.7.105] K11212 LPPG:FO 2-phospho-L-lactate transferase [EC:2.7.8.28] K24998 dehydro coenzyme F420 reductase / coenzyme F420-0:L-glutamate ligase / coenzyme F420-1:gamma-L-glutamate ligase [EC:1.3.8.17 6.3.2.31 6.3.2.34] K12234 coenzyme F420-0:L-glutamate ligase / coenzyme F420-1:gamma-L-glutamate ligase [EC:6.3.2.31 6.3.2.34] K14940 gamma-F420-2:alpha-L-glutamate ligase [EC:6.3.2.32] K10977 methanogen homocitrate synthase [EC:2.3.3.14 2.3.3.-] K16792 methanogen homoaconitase large subunit [EC:4.2.1.114] K16793 methanogen homoaconitase small subunit [EC:4.2.1.114] K10978 methanogen homoisocitrate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.87 1.1.1.-] K18933 tyrosine decarboxylase / aspartate 1-decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.25 4.1.1.11] K06914 tyramine---L-glutamate ligase [EC:6.3.4.24] K09733 (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate synthase [EC:4.2.3.153] K19793 (5-formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate transaminase [EC:2.6.1.108] K07144 5-(aminomethyl)-3-furanmethanol phosphate kinase [EC:2.7.4.31] K07072 (4-(4-[2-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)ethyl]phenoxymethyl)furan-2-yl)methanamine synthase [EC:2.5.1.131] COMPOUND C00011 CO2 C00022 Pyruvate C00024 Acetyl-CoA C00033 Acetate C00036 Oxaloacetate C00037 Glycine C00048 Glyoxylate C00058 Formate C00065 L-Serine C00067 Formaldehyde C00074 Phosphoenolpyruvate C00082 L-Tyrosine C00085 D-Fructose 6-phosphate C00101 Tetrahydrofolate C00111 Glycerone phosphate C00118 D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate C00132 Methanol C00143 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate C00149 (S)-Malate C00168 Hydroxypyruvate C00184 Glycerone C00197 3-Phospho-D-glycerate C00199 D-Ribulose 5-phosphate C00218 Methylamine C00227 Acetyl phosphate C00231 D-Xylulose 5-phosphate C00237 CO C00258 D-Glycerate C00322 2-Oxoadipate C00354 D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate C00483 Tyramine C00543 Dimethylamine C00565 Trimethylamine C00593 Sulfoacetaldehyde C00631 2-Phospho-D-glycerate C00862 Methanofuran C00876 Coenzyme F420 C01001 Formylmethanofuran C01005 O-Phospho-L-serine C01031 S-Formylglutathione C01046 N-Methyl-L-glutamate C01080 Reduced coenzyme F420 C01104 Trimethylamine N-oxide C01217 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydromethanopterin C01274 5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin C01438 Methane C03232 3-Phosphonooxypyruvate C03576 Coenzyme M C03920 2-(Methylthio)ethanesulfonate C04330 5,10-Methenyltetrahydromethanopterin C04348 L-Malyl-CoA C04377 5,10-Methylenetetrahydromethanopterin C04488 5-Methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin C04628 Coenzyme B C04732 5-Amino-6-(1-D-ribitylamino)uracil C04832 Coenzyme M 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine-phosphate heterodisulfide C05528 3-Sulfopyruvate C06019 D-arabino-Hex-3-ulose 6-phosphate C11536 (2R)-O-Phospho-3-sulfolactate C11537 (2R)-3-Sulfolactate C14180 S-(Hydroxymethyl)glutathione C16583 (R)-(Homo)2-citrate C16588 2-Oxopimelate C16589 2-Oxosuberate C16590 7-Oxoheptanoic acid C16593 7-Mercaptoheptanoic acid C16594 7-Mercaptoheptanoylthreonine C16597 (-)-threo-Iso(homo)2-citrate C16598 (R)-(Homo)3-citrate C16600 (-)-threo-Iso(homo)3-citrate C18799 5-Methyl-H4SPT C18802 Tetrahydrosarcinapterin C19151 Coenzyme F420-3 C19152 Coenzyme F420-1 C19153 Coenzyme F420-0 C19154 7,8-Didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin C19155 (2S)-Lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine C19156 (2S)-2-Phospholactate C20581 cis-(Homo)2-aconitate C20582 cis-(Homo)3-aconitate C20926 gamma-Glutamyltyramine C20954 (5-Formylfuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate C21068 [5-(Aminomethyl)furan-3-yl]methyl phosphate C21069 [5-(Aminomethyl)furan-3-yl]methyl diphosphate C21070 (4-{4-[2-(gamma-L-Glutamylamino)ethyl]phenoxymethyl}furan-2-yl)methanamine C21971 5-Amino-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(D-ribitylimino)-5,6-dihydrouracil C22277 Dehydro coenzyme F420-0 C22297 Enolpyruvoyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine REFERENCE PMID:11830598 AUTHORS Graham DE, Xu H, White RH TITLE Identification of coenzyme M biosynthetic phosphosulfolactate synthase: a new family of sulfonate-biosynthesizing enzymes. JOURNAL J Biol Chem 277:13421-9 (2002) DOI:10.1074/jbc.M201011200 REFERENCE PMID:15168610 AUTHORS Deppenmeier U TITLE The membrane-bound electron transport system of Methanosarcina species. JOURNAL J Bioenerg Biomembr 36:55-64 (2004) DOI:10.1023/B:JOBB.0000019598.64642.97 REFERENCE PMID:15353801 AUTHORS Hallam SJ, Putnam N, Preston CM, Detter JC, Rokhsar D, Richardson PM, DeLong EF TITLE Reverse methanogenesis: testing the hypothesis with environmental genomics. JOURNAL Science 305:1457-62 (2004) DOI:10.1126/science.1100025 REFERENCE PMID:16024727 AUTHORS Welander PV, Metcalf WW TITLE Loss of the mtr operon in Methanosarcina blocks growth on methanol, but not methanogenesis, and reveals an unknown methanogenic pathway. JOURNAL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:10664-9 (2005) DOI:10.1073/pnas.0502623102 REFERENCE PMID:16278835 AUTHORS Yurimoto H, Kato N, Sakai Y TITLE Assimilation, dissimilation, and detoxification of formaldehyde, a central metabolic intermediate of methylotrophic metabolism. JOURNAL Chem Rec 5:367-75 (2005) DOI:10.1002/tcr.20056 REFERENCE PMID:16385054 AUTHORS Fricke WF, Seedorf H, Henne A, Kruer M, Liesegang H, Hedderich R, Gottschalk G, Thauer RK. TITLE The genome sequence of Methanosphaera stadtmanae reveals why this human intestinal archaeon is restricted to methanol and H2 for methane formation and ATP synthesis. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 188:642-58 (2006) DOI:10.1128/JB.188.2.642-658.2006 REFERENCE PMID:16428816 AUTHORS Kato N, Yurimoto H, Thauer RK TITLE The physiological role of the ribulose monophosphate pathway in bacteria and archaea. JOURNAL Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 70:10-21 (2006) DOI:10.1271/bbb.70.10 REFERENCE PMID:18587410 AUTHORS Thauer RK, Kaster AK, Seedorf H, Buckel W, Hedderich R TITLE Methanogenic archaea: ecologically relevant differences in energy conservation. JOURNAL Nat Rev Microbiol 6:579-91 (2008) DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1931 REFERENCE PMID:20437165 AUTHORS Liffourrena AS, Salvano MA, Lucchesi GI TITLE Pseudomonas putida A ATCC 12633 oxidizes trimethylamine aerobically via two different pathways. JOURNAL Arch Microbiol 192:471-6 (2010) DOI:10.1007/s00203-010-0577-5 REL_PATHWAY ko00010 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis ko00030 Pentose phosphate pathway ko00260 Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism ko00300 Lysine biosynthesis ko00630 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism ko00720 Other carbon fixation pathways ko00740 Riboflavin metabolism ko00790 Folate biosynthesis ko00910 Nitrogen metabolism ko00920 Sulfur metabolism ///