ENTRY ko00550 Pathway NAME Peptidoglycan biosynthesis DESCRIPTION Peptidoglycan is a macromolecule made of long aminosugar strands cross-linked by short peptides. It forms the cell wall in bacteria surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane. The glycan strands are typically comprised of repeating N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) disaccharides. Each MurNAc is linked to a peptide of three to five amino acid residues. Disaccharide subunits are first assembled on the cytoplasmic side of the bacterial membrane on a polyisoprenoid anchor (lipid I and II). Polymerization of disaccharide subunits by transglycosylases and cross-linking of glycan strands by transpeptidases occur on the other side of the membrane. Bacterial cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors form a major class of antibiotics. CLASS Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism PATHWAY_MAP ko00550 Peptidoglycan biosynthesis DRUG D00128 Bacitracin (JP18/USP/INN) D00877 Cycloserine (JP18/USP/INN) D00925 Fosfomycin tromethamine (USP) D02187 Fosfomycin calcium hydrate (JP18) D02188 Fosfomycin sodium (JP18) D03047 Bacitracin methylenedisalicylate (USP) D03048 Bacitracin zinc (USP) D04253 Fosfomycin (USAN/INN) D07995 Fosfomycin calcium D08885 Ceftobiprole (USAN/INN) D08886 Ceftobiprole medocaril (USAN) D09022 Tomopenem (USAN/INN) D09788 Enramycin hydrochloride (JAN) ORTHOLOGY K00790 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase [EC:2.5.1.7] K00075 UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.1.98] K01924 UDP-N-acetylmuramate--alanine ligase [EC:6.3.2.8] K01925 UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine--D-glutamate ligase [EC:6.3.2.9] K23169 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine---L-glutamate ligase [EC:6.3.2.53] K23170 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-L-glutamate epimerase [EC:5.1.1.23] K01928 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate--2,6-diaminopimelate ligase [EC:6.3.2.13] K01921 D-alanine-D-alanine ligase [EC:6.3.2.4] K01929 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide--D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase [EC:6.3.2.10] K15792 MurE/MurF fusion protein [EC:6.3.2.13 6.3.2.10] K01798 Alr-MurF fusion protein [EC:5.1.1.1 6.3.2.10] K00887 undecaprenol kinase [EC:2.7.1.66] K00806 undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase [EC:2.5.1.31] K06153 undecaprenyl-diphosphatase [EC:3.6.1.27] K19302 undecaprenyl-diphosphatase [EC:3.6.1.27] K01000 phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase [EC:2.7.8.13] K02563 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide) pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol N-acetylglucosamine transferase [EC:2.4.1.227] K03814 monofunctional glycosyltransferase [EC:2.4.99.28] K05366 penicillin-binding protein 1A [EC:2.4.99.28 3.4.16.4] K05365 penicillin-binding protein 1B [EC:2.4.99.28 3.4.16.4] K05367 penicillin-binding protein 1C [EC:2.4.99.28] K12555 penicillin-binding protein 2A [EC:2.4.99.28 3.4.16.4] K18770 penicillin-binding protein 4 [EC:2.4.99.28 3.4.16.4] K21464 penicillin-binding protein 2D [EC:2.4.99.28 3.4.16.4] K05515 penicillin-binding protein 2 [EC:3.4.16.4] K03587 cell division protein FtsI (penicillin-binding protein 3) [EC:3.4.16.4] K18149 penicillin-binding protein K08724 penicillin-binding protein 2B K08384 stage V sporulation protein D (sporulation-specific penicillin-binding protein) K21465 penicillin-binding protein A K21466 penicillin-binding protein H K05364 penicillin-binding protein A K07258 serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase (penicillin-binding protein 5/6) [EC:3.4.16.4] K07259 serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase/endopeptidase (penicillin-binding protein 4) [EC:3.4.16.4 3.4.21.-] K21469 serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase [EC:3.4.16.4] K07260 zinc D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase [EC:3.4.17.14] K18866 zinc D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptidase/carboxypeptidase [EC:3.4.13.22 3.4.17.14] K05362 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate-L-lysine ligase [EC:6.3.2.7] K23393 lipid II isoglutaminyl synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) [EC:6.3.5.13] K07009 lipid II isoglutaminyl synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) [EC:6.3.5.13] K11693 peptidoglycan pentaglycine glycine transferase (the first glycine) [EC:2.3.2.16] K11694 peptidoglycan pentaglycine glycine transferase (the second and third glycine) [EC:2.3.2.17] K11695 peptidoglycan pentaglycine glycine transferase (the fourth and fifth glycine) [EC:2.3.2.18] K12551 monofunctional glycosyltransferase [EC:2.4.99.28] K04478 monofunctional glycosyltransferase [EC:2.4.99.28] K12552 penicillin-binding protein 1 [EC:3.4.-.-] K12553 penicillin-binding protein 3 [EC:3.4.-.-] K02545 penicillin-binding protein 2 prime [EC:3.4.16.4] K05363 serine/alanine adding enzyme [EC:2.3.2.10] K12554 alanine adding enzyme [EC:2.3.2.-] K03693 penicillin-binding protein 1B K00687 penicillin-binding protein 2B K12556 penicillin-binding protein 2X COMPOUND C00043 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine C00133 D-Alanine C00448 trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate C00692 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate C00993 D-Alanyl-D-alanine C01050 UDP-N-acetylmuramate C01212 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine C04574 di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate C04631 UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine C04702 UDPMurNAc(oyl-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala) C04851 MurAc(oyl-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphospho-undecaprenol C04877 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate C04882 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine C05892 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysine C05893 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine C05894 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine C05895 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)5-D-alanyl-D-alanine C05896 Crosslinked peptidoglycan C05897 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine C05898 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine C17541 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine C17542 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)3-D-alanyl-D-alanine C17549 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(L-alanyl-L-alanyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine C17550 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(L-alanyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine C17556 di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenyl phosphate C17558 di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenol C22053 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-L-glutamate REFERENCE PMID:18081839 AUTHORS Bouhss A, Trunkfield AE, Bugg TD, Mengin-Lecreulx D TITLE The biosynthesis of peptidoglycan lipid-linked intermediates. JOURNAL FEMS Microbiol Rev 32:208-33 (2008) DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2007.00089.x REFERENCE PMID:18077448 AUTHORS Lloyd AJ, Gilbey AM, Blewett AM, De Pascale G, El Zoeiby A, Levesque RC, Catherwood AC, Tomasz A, Bugg TD, Roper DI, Dowson CG TITLE Characterization of tRNA-dependent peptide bond formation by MurM in the synthesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae peptidoglycan. JOURNAL J Biol Chem 283:6402-17 (2008) DOI:10.1074/jbc.M708105200 REFERENCE PMID:18266853 AUTHORS Barreteau H, Kovac A, Boniface A, Sova M, Gobec S, Blanot D TITLE Cytoplasmic steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. JOURNAL FEMS Microbiol Rev 32:168-207 (2008) DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00104.x REFERENCE PMID:11699883 AUTHORS van Heijenoort J TITLE Recent advances in the formation of the bacterial peptidoglycan monomer unit. JOURNAL Nat Prod Rep 18:503-19 (2001) DOI:10.1039/a804532a REFERENCE PMID:11320055 AUTHORS van Heijenoort J TITLE Formation of the glycan chains in the synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan. JOURNAL Glycobiology 11:25R-36R (2001) DOI:10.1093/glycob/11.3.25R REL_PATHWAY ko00470 D-Amino acid metabolism ko00520 Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism ko00900 Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis ///