ENTRY ko00053 Pathway NAME Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism CLASS Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism PATHWAY_MAP ko00053 Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism MODULE M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:ko00053] M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:ko00053] M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:ko00053] DBLINKS GO: 0019852 0019577 0019572 ORTHOLOGY K00012 UDPglucose 6-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.22] K12447 UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase [EC:2.7.7.64] K16190 glucuronokinase [EC:2.7.1.43] K00699 glucuronosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.17] K01195 beta-glucuronidase [EC:3.2.1.31] K14756 klotho [EC:3.2.1.31] K00469 inositol oxygenase [EC:1.13.99.1] K00002 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.2] K01053 gluconolactonase [EC:3.1.1.17] K00103 L-gulonolactone oxidase [EC:1.1.3.8] K10046 GDP-D-mannose 3', 5'-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.18 5.1.3.-] K14190 GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase [EC:2.7.7.69] K10047 inositol-phosphate phosphatase / L-galactose 1-phosphate phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.25 3.1.3.93] K18649 inositol-phosphate phosphatase / L-galactose 1-phosphate phosphatase / histidinol-phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.25 3.1.3.93 3.1.3.15] K00064 D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.122] K17744 L-galactose dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.316] K00225 L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.2.3] K08679 UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.6] K19642 D-galacturonate reductase [EC:1.1.1.365] K23003 L-galactose dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.-] K23004 L-galactono-1,5-lactonase [EC:3.1.1.-] K23005 L-galactonate 5-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.414] K23007 L-galactonate 5-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.414] K02821 ascorbate PTS system EIIA or EIIAB component [EC:2.7.1.194] K02822 ascorbate PTS system EIIB component [EC:2.7.1.194] K03475 ascorbate PTS system EIIC component K03476 L-ascorbate 6-phosphate lactonase [EC:3.1.1.-] K03078 3-dehydro-L-gulonate-6-phosphate decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.85] K03079 L-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.22] K03077 L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.4] K08232 monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH) [EC:1.6.5.4] K00434 L-ascorbate peroxidase [EC:1.11.1.11] K21888 glutathione dehydrogenase/transferase [EC:1.8.5.1 2.5.1.18] K00423 L-ascorbate oxidase [EC:1.10.3.3] K08092 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.130] K00880 L-xylulokinase [EC:2.7.1.53] K00128 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) [EC:1.2.1.3] K14085 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1 [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3] K00149 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 9 member A1 [EC:1.2.1.47 1.2.1.3] K01706 glucarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.40] K01630 2-dehydro-3-deoxyglucarate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.20] K00062 D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.116] K00063 D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.117] K00107 D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase [EC:1.1.3.37] K19590 D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.427] K01683 D-arabinonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.5] K14259 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.141] K13873 L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.376] K19660 L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] [EC:1.1.1.376] K13874 L-arabinonolactonase [EC:3.1.1.15] K24443 D-xylono/L-arabinono-1,4-lactonase [EC:3.1.1.68 3.1.1.15] K13875 L-arabonate dehydrase [EC:4.2.1.25] K13876 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.43] K25260 L-lyxonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.176] K13877 2,5-dioxopentanoate dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.26] K19588 2,5-dioxopentanoate dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.26] K01707 5-dehydro-4-deoxyglucarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.41] K01708 galactarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.42] K20023 L-talarate/galactarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.156 4.2.1.42] K18981 uronate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.203] K18982 D-galactarolactone isomerase [EC:5.4.1.4] K18983 D-galactarolactone cycloisomerase [EC:5.5.1.27] COMPOUND C00022 Pyruvate C00026 2-Oxoglutarate C00029 UDP-glucose C00072 Ascorbate C00096 GDP-mannose C00137 myo-Inositol C00167 UDP-glucuronate C00191 D-Glucuronate C00216 D-Arabinose C00231 D-Xylulose 5-phosphate C00259 L-Arabinose C00333 D-Galacturonate C00433 2,5-Dioxopentanoate C00545 L-Arabinonate C00558 D-Tagaturonate C00617 UDP-D-galacturonate C00618 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate C00652 D-Arabinono-1,4-lactone C00679 5-Dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate C00684 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate C00800 L-Gulonate C00818 D-Glucarate C00878 D-Arabinonate C00879 D-Galactarate C01040 L-Gulono-1,4-lactone C01041 Monodehydroascorbate C01101 L-Ribulose 5-phosphate C01114 L-Arabinono-1,4-lactone C01115 L-Galactono-1,4-lactone C01146 2-Hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate C01620 Threonate C01825 L-Galactose C02280 GDP-L-galactose C02670 D-Glucuronolactone C03033 beta-D-Glucuronoside C03064 3-Dehydro-L-threonate C03289 L-xylo-Hexulonolactone C03291 L-Xylulose 5-phosphate C03826 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-xylonate C03921 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate C04037 1-Phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate C04575 (4R,5S)-4,5,6-Trihydroxy-2,3-dioxohexanoate C05385 D-Glucuronate 1-phosphate C05411 L-Xylonate C05412 L-Lyxonate C05422 Dehydroascorbate C06316 Dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone C14899 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate C15923 L-Gulose C15924 L-Gulose 1-phosphate C15925 GDP-L-gulose C15926 beta-L-Galactose 1-phosphate C15930 L-Galactonate C16186 L-Ascorbate 6-phosphate C20889 D-Galactaro-1,5-lactone C20896 D-Galactaro-1,4-lactone C21955 L-Galactono-1,5-lactone REFERENCE PMID:17222174 AUTHORS Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E TITLE Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals. JOURNAL FEBS J 274:1-22 (2007) DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x REFERENCE PMID:15564123 AUTHORS Valpuesta V, Botella MA. TITLE Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant. JOURNAL Trends Plant Sci 9:573-7 (2004) DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.002 REFERENCE PMID:10517845 AUTHORS Davey MW, Gilot C, Persiau G, Ostergaard J, Han Y, Bauw GC, Van Montagu MC. TITLE Ascorbate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis cell suspension culture. JOURNAL Plant Physiol 121:535-43 (1999) DOI:10.1104/pp.121.2.535 REFERENCE PMID:16595667 AUTHORS Conklin PL, Gatzek S, Wheeler GL, Dowdle J, Raymond MJ, Rolinski S, Isupov M, Littlechild JA, Smirnoff N. TITLE Arabidopsis thaliana VTC4 encodes L-galactose-1-P phosphatase, a plant ascorbic acid biosynthetic enzyme. JOURNAL J Biol Chem 281:15662-70 (2006) DOI:10.1074/jbc.M601409200 REFERENCE PMID:17462988 AUTHORS Linster CL, Gomez TA, Christensen KC, Adler LN, Young BD, Brenner C, Clarke SG. TITLE Arabidopsis VTC2 Encodes a GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase, the Last Unknown Enzyme in the Smirnoff-Wheeler Pathway to Ascorbic Acid in Plants. JOURNAL J Biol Chem 282:18879-85 (2007) DOI:10.1074/jbc.M702094200 REFERENCE PMID:14996803 AUTHORS Campos E, Baldoma L, Aguilar J, Badia J. TITLE Regulation of expression of the divergent ulaG and ulaABCDEF operons involved in LaAscorbate dissimilation in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 186:1720-8 (2004) DOI:10.1128/JB.186.6.1720-1728.2004 REFERENCE PMID:12644495 AUTHORS Zhang Z, Aboulwafa M, Smith MH, Saier MH Jr. TITLE The ascorbate transporter of Escherichia coli. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 185:2243-50 (2003) DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2243-2250.2003 REL_PATHWAY ko00020 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) ko00040 Pentose and glucuronate interconversions ko00051 Fructose and mannose metabolism ko00520 Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism ko00630 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism ///