ENTRY ko00053 Pathway NAME Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism CLASS Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism PATHWAY_MAP ko00053 Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism MODULE M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:ko00053] M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:ko00053] M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:ko00053] M00994 UDP-GlcA biosynthesis, myo-inositol => GlcA => UDP-GlcA [PATH:ko00053] M00999 UDP-GlcA/GalA biosynthesis, UDP-Glc => UDP-GlcA => UDP-GalA [PATH:ko00053] DBLINKS GO: 0019852 0019577 0019572 ORTHOLOGY K00002 AKR1A1, adh; alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.2] K00012 UGDH, ugd; UDPglucose 6-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.22] K00062 ARA2; D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.116] K00063 ARA1; D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.117] K00064 E1.1.1.122; D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.122] K00103 GULO; L-gulonolactone oxidase [EC:1.1.3.8] K00107 ALO; D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase [EC:1.1.3.37] K00128 ALDH; aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) [EC:1.2.1.3] K00149 ALDH9A1; aldehyde dehydrogenase family 9 member A1 [EC:1.2.1.47 1.2.1.3] K00225 GLDH; L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.2.3] K00423 E1.10.3.3; L-ascorbate oxidase [EC:1.10.3.3] K00434 E1.11.1.11; L-ascorbate peroxidase [EC:1.11.1.11] K00469 MIOX; inositol oxygenase [EC:1.13.99.1] K00699 UGT; glucuronosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.17] K00880 lyxK; L-xylulokinase [EC:2.7.1.53] K01053 gnl, RGN; gluconolactonase [EC:3.1.1.17] K01195 uidA, GUSB; beta-glucuronidase [EC:3.2.1.31] K01630 garL; 2-dehydro-3-deoxyglucarate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.20] K01683 araD; D-arabinonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.5] K01706 gudD; glucarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.40] K01707 kdgD; 5-dehydro-4-deoxyglucarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.41] K01708 garD; galactarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.42] K02821 ulaC, sgaA; ascorbate PTS system EIIA or EIIAB component [EC:2.7.1.194] K02822 ulaB, sgaB; ascorbate PTS system EIIB component [EC:2.7.1.194] K03077 araD, ulaF, sgaE, sgbE; L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.4] K03078 ulaD, sgaH, sgbH; 3-dehydro-L-gulonate-6-phosphate decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.85] K03079 ulaE, sgaU, sgbU; L-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.22] K03475 ulaA, sgaT; ascorbate PTS system EIIC component K03476 ulaG; L-ascorbate 6-phosphate lactonase [EC:3.1.1.-] K08092 dlgD; 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.130] K08232 E1.6.5.4; monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH) [EC:1.6.5.4] K08679 GAE, cap1J; UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.6] K10046 GME; GDP-D-mannose 3', 5'-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.18 5.1.3.-] K10047 VTC4; inositol-phosphate phosphatase / L-galactose 1-phosphate phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.25 3.1.3.93] K12447 USP; UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase [EC:2.7.7.64] K13873 araA; L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.376] K13874 araB; L-arabinonolactonase [EC:3.1.1.15] K13875 araC; L-arabonate dehydrase [EC:4.2.1.25] K13876 araD; 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.43] K13877 aldH; 2,5-dioxopentanoate dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.26] K14085 ALDH7A1; aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1 [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3] K14190 VTC2_5; GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase [EC:2.7.7.69] K14259 kdaD, xacE, kdxD; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.141] K14756 KL; klotho [EC:3.2.1.31] K16190 GLCAK; glucuronokinase [EC:2.7.1.43] K17744 GalDH; L-galactose dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.316] K18649 IMPL2; inositol-phosphate phosphatase / L-galactose 1-phosphate phosphatase / histidinol-phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.25 3.1.3.93 3.1.3.15] K18981 udh; uronate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.203] K18982 gli; D-galactarolactone isomerase [EC:5.4.1.4] K18983 gci; D-galactarolactone cycloisomerase [EC:5.5.1.27] K19588 dopDH; 2,5-dioxopentanoate dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.26] K19590 araDH; D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.427] K19642 GALUR; D-galacturonate reductase [EC:1.1.1.365] K19660 araDH; L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] [EC:1.1.1.376] K20023 talrD-galrD; L-talarate/galactarate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.156 4.2.1.42] K21888 DHAR; glutathione dehydrogenase/transferase [EC:1.8.5.1 2.5.1.18] K23003 lgaA; L-galactose dehydrogenase K23004 lgaB; L-galactono-1,5-lactonase K23005 lgaC; L-galactonate 5-dehydrogenase K23007 lgoD; L-galactonate 5-dehydrogenase K24443 xacC; D-xylono/L-arabinono-1,4-lactonase K25260 lxyD; L-lyxonate dehydratase K28472 HSD17B14; D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase COMPOUND C00022 Pyruvate C00026 2-Oxoglutarate C00029 UDP-glucose C00072 Ascorbate C00096 GDP-mannose C00137 myo-Inositol C00167 UDP-glucuronate C00191 D-Glucuronate C00216 D-Arabinose C00231 D-Xylulose 5-phosphate C00259 L-Arabinose C00333 D-Galacturonate C00433 2,5-Dioxopentanoate C00545 L-Arabinonate C00558 D-Tagaturonate C00617 UDP-D-galacturonate C00618 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate C00652 D-Arabinono-1,4-lactone C00679 5-Dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate C00684 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate C00800 L-Gulonate C00818 D-Glucarate C00878 D-Arabinonate C00879 D-Galactarate C01040 L-Gulono-1,4-lactone C01041 Monodehydroascorbate C01101 L-Ribulose 5-phosphate C01114 L-Arabinono-1,4-lactone C01115 L-Galactono-1,4-lactone C01146 2-Hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate C01620 Threonate C01825 L-Galactose C02280 GDP-L-galactose C02670 D-Glucuronolactone C03033 beta-D-Glucuronoside C03064 3-Dehydro-L-threonate C03289 L-xylo-Hexulonolactone C03291 L-Xylulose 5-phosphate C03826 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-xylonate C03921 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate C04037 1-Phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate C04575 (4R,5S)-4,5,6-Trihydroxy-2,3-dioxohexanoate C05385 D-Glucuronate 1-phosphate C05411 L-Xylonate C05412 L-Lyxonate C05422 Dehydroascorbate C06316 Dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone C14899 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate C15923 L-Gulose C15924 L-Gulose 1-phosphate C15925 GDP-L-gulose C15926 beta-L-Galactose 1-phosphate C15930 L-Galactonate C16186 L-Ascorbate 6-phosphate C20889 D-Galactaro-1,5-lactone C20896 D-Galactaro-1,4-lactone C21955 L-Galactono-1,5-lactone REFERENCE PMID:17222174 AUTHORS Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E TITLE Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals. JOURNAL FEBS J 274:1-22 (2007) DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x REFERENCE PMID:15564123 AUTHORS Valpuesta V, Botella MA. TITLE Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant. JOURNAL Trends Plant Sci 9:573-7 (2004) DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.002 REFERENCE PMID:10517845 AUTHORS Davey MW, Gilot C, Persiau G, Ostergaard J, Han Y, Bauw GC, Van Montagu MC. TITLE Ascorbate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis cell suspension culture. JOURNAL Plant Physiol 121:535-43 (1999) DOI:10.1104/pp.121.2.535 REFERENCE PMID:16595667 AUTHORS Conklin PL, Gatzek S, Wheeler GL, Dowdle J, Raymond MJ, Rolinski S, Isupov M, Littlechild JA, Smirnoff N. TITLE Arabidopsis thaliana VTC4 encodes L-galactose-1-P phosphatase, a plant ascorbic acid biosynthetic enzyme. JOURNAL J Biol Chem 281:15662-70 (2006) DOI:10.1074/jbc.M601409200 REFERENCE PMID:17462988 AUTHORS Linster CL, Gomez TA, Christensen KC, Adler LN, Young BD, Brenner C, Clarke SG. TITLE Arabidopsis VTC2 Encodes a GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase, the Last Unknown Enzyme in the Smirnoff-Wheeler Pathway to Ascorbic Acid in Plants. JOURNAL J Biol Chem 282:18879-85 (2007) DOI:10.1074/jbc.M702094200 REFERENCE PMID:14996803 AUTHORS Campos E, Baldoma L, Aguilar J, Badia J. TITLE Regulation of expression of the divergent ulaG and ulaABCDEF operons involved in LaAscorbate dissimilation in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 186:1720-8 (2004) DOI:10.1128/JB.186.6.1720-1728.2004 REFERENCE PMID:12644495 AUTHORS Zhang Z, Aboulwafa M, Smith MH, Saier MH Jr. TITLE The ascorbate transporter of Escherichia coli. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 185:2243-50 (2003) DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2243-2250.2003 REL_PATHWAY ko00020 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) ko00040 Pentose and glucuronate interconversions ko00051 Fructose and mannose metabolism ko00520 Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism ko00630 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism ///