ENTRY ko00030 Pathway NAME Pentose phosphate pathway DESCRIPTION The pentose phosphate pathway is a process of glucose turnover that produces NADPH as reducing equivalents and pentoses as essential parts of nucleotides. There are two different phases in the pathway. One is irreversible oxidative phase in which glucose-6P is converted to ribulose-5P by oxidative decarboxylation, and NADPH is generated [MD:M00006]. The other is reversible non-oxidative phase in which phosphorylated sugars are interconverted to generate xylulose-5P, ribulose-5P, and ribose-5P [MD:M00007]. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) formed from ribose-5P [MD:M00005] is an activated compound used in the biosynthesis of histidine and purine/pyrimidine nucleotides. This pathway map also shows the Entner-Doudoroff pathway where 6-P-gluconate is dehydrated and then cleaved into pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3P [MD:M00008]. CLASS Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism PATHWAY_MAP ko00030 Pentose phosphate pathway MODULE M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ko00030] M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose-5P => PRPP [PATH:ko00030] M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose-6P => ribulose-5P [PATH:ko00030] M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:ko00030] M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:ko00030] M00061 Glucuronate degradation, glucuronate => pyruvate + glyceraldehyde-3P [PATH:ko00030] M00308 Semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate => glycerate-3P [PATH:ko00030] M00309 Non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate [PATH:ko00030] M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:ko00030] M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose-6P => ribose-5P [PATH:ko00030] M00631 Galacturonate degradation, bacteria, galacturonate => pyruvate + glyceraldehyde-3P [PATH:ko00030] M00633 Semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:ko00030] M00968 Pentose bisphosphate pathway (nucleoside degradation), archaea, nucleoside/NMP => 3-PGA/glycerone phosphate [PATH:ko00030] DBLINKS GO: 0006098 ORTHOLOGY K00032 E1.1.1.43; phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.43] K00033 PGD, gnd, gntZ; 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.44 1.1.1.343] K00034 gdh; glucose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.47] K00036 G6PD, zwf; glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363] K00090 ghrB; glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate/2-ketogluconate reductase [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81 1.1.1.215] K00115 GLD; glucose 1-dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) [EC:1.1.5.9] K00117 gcd; quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.5.2] K00131 gapN; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.2.1.9] K00615 E2.2.1.1, tktA, tktB; transketolase [EC:2.2.1.1] K00616 TALDO1, talB, talA; transaldolase [EC:2.2.1.2] K00850 pfkA, PFK; 6-phosphofructokinase 1 [EC:2.7.1.11] K00851 idnK, gntK; gluconokinase [EC:2.7.1.12] K00852 rbsK, RBKS; ribokinase [EC:2.7.1.15] K00874 kdgK; 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconokinase [EC:2.7.1.45] K00895 pfp; diphosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase [EC:2.7.1.90] K00918 pfkC; ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase/glucokinase [EC:2.7.1.146 2.7.1.147] K00948 PRPS, prsA; ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase [EC:2.7.6.1] K01053 gnl, RGN; gluconolactonase [EC:3.1.1.17] K01057 PGLS, pgl, devB; 6-phosphogluconolactonase [EC:3.1.1.31] K01086 fbp-SEBP; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase I / sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase [EC:3.1.3.11 3.1.3.37] K01619 deoC, DERA; deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.4] K01621 xfp, xpk; xylulose-5-phosphate/fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase [EC:4.1.2.9 4.1.2.22] K01622 fbp; fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphatase [EC:4.1.2.13 3.1.3.11] K01623 ALDO; fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class I [EC:4.1.2.13] K01624 FBA, fbaA; fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class II [EC:4.1.2.13] K01625 eda; 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase / (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.14 4.1.3.42] K01690 edd; phosphogluconate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.12] K01783 rpe; ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.1] K01807 rpiA; ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A [EC:5.3.1.6] K01808 rpiB; ribose 5-phosphate isomerase B [EC:5.3.1.6] K01810 GPI, pgi; glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.9] K01835 pgm; phosphoglucomutase [EC:5.4.2.2] K01839 deoB; phosphopentomutase [EC:5.4.2.7] K02446 glpX; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase II [EC:3.1.3.11] K03738 aor; aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.2.7.5] K03841 FBP; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase I [EC:3.1.3.11] K04041 fbp3; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase III [EC:3.1.3.11] K05308 gnaD; gluconate/galactonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.140] K05774 phnN; ribose 1,5-bisphosphokinase [EC:2.7.4.23] K06151 E1.1.99.3A; gluconate 2-dehydrogenase alpha chain [EC:1.1.99.3] K06152 E1.1.99.3G; gluconate 2-dehydrogenase gamma chain [EC:1.1.99.3] K06859 pgi1; glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, archaeal [EC:5.3.1.9] K07404 pgl; 6-phosphogluconolactonase [EC:3.1.1.31] K08093 hxlA; 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase [EC:4.1.2.43] K08094 hxlB; 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase [EC:5.3.1.27] K11214 SHPK; sedoheptulokinase [EC:2.7.1.14] K11395 kdpgA; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate/2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.55] K11441 kguK; dehydrogluconokinase [EC:2.7.1.13] K11529 gck, gckA, GLYCTK; glycerate 2-kinase [EC:2.7.1.165] K11532 glpX-SEBP; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase II / sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase [EC:3.1.3.11 3.1.3.37] K11645 fbaB; fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class I [EC:4.1.2.13] K13810 tal-pgi; transaldolase / glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:2.2.1.2 5.3.1.9] K13812 fae-hps; bifunctional enzyme Fae/Hps [EC:4.2.1.147 4.1.2.43] K13831 hps-phi; 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase / 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase [EC:4.1.2.43 5.3.1.27] K13937 H6PD; hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.47 3.1.1.31] K15778 pmm-pgm; phosphomannomutase / phosphoglucomutase [EC:5.4.2.8 5.4.2.2] K15779 PGM2; phosphoglucomutase / phosphopentomutase [EC:5.4.2.2 5.4.2.7] K15916 pgi-pmi; glucose/mannose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.9 5.3.1.8] K16305 K16305; fructose-bisphosphate aldolase / 6-deoxy-5-ketofructose 1-phosphate synthase [EC:4.1.2.13 2.2.1.11] K16306 K16306; fructose-bisphosphate aldolase / 2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate synthase [EC:4.1.2.13 2.2.1.10] K16370 pfkB; 6-phosphofructokinase 2 [EC:2.7.1.11] K17463 dgaF; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.14] K17464 dgaA; D-glucosaminate PTS system EIIA component [EC:2.7.1.203] K17465 dgaB; D-glucosaminate PTS system EIIB component [EC:2.7.1.203] K17466 dgaC; D-glucosaminate PTS system EIIC component K17467 dgaD; D-glucosaminate PTS system EIID component K17468 dgaE; D-glucosaminate-6-phosphate ammonia-lyase [EC:4.3.1.29] K18020 cutA; glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase large subunit [EC:1.2.99.8] K18021 cutB; glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase medium subunit [EC:1.2.99.8] K18022 cutC; glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase small subunit [EC:1.2.99.8] K18124 gdh2, gdhA; glucose/galactose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.360] K18125 ssgdh; aldose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] [EC:1.1.1.359] K18126 sskdgK; 2-dehydro-3-deoxyglucono/galactono-kinase [EC:2.7.1.178] K18127 kdgA; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.51] K18128 gadh; D-glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.2.1.89] K18237 K18237; ribose 1,5-bisphosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.29] K18978 gapN; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] [EC:1.2.1.90] K19243 azf; NAD+ dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.388] K19813 gdh; glucose dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.5.9] K21056 E2.7.1.212; alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate 5-kinase (ADP) [EC:2.7.1.212] K21071 pfk, pfp; ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase / diphosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase [EC:2.7.1.11 2.7.1.90] K21840 HOX; hexose oxidase [EC:1.1.3.5] K22199 ppm; phosphopentomutase [EC:5.4.2.7] K22229 K22229; 2-ketogluconate reductase [EC:1.1.1.215] K22345 E4.3.1.9; glucosaminate ammonia-lyase [EC:4.3.1.9] K22969 gdh; glucose 1-dehydrogenase K24182 PFK9; 6-phosphofructokinase K25031 gntK; gluconokinase K26208 E2.7.1.239; alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate 5-kinase (ATP) K28747 deoK; deoxyribokinase K28748 GOX; glucose oxidase K28849 gpm2; fructose-bisphosphatase K28886 kdgK1_2; 2-dehydro-3-deoxyglucono/galactono-kinase K28887 kdgA; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate/2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase COMPOUND C00022 Pyruvate C00031 D-Glucose C00085 D-Fructose 6-phosphate C00117 D-Ribose 5-phosphate C00118 D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate C00119 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate C00121 D-Ribose C00197 3-Phospho-D-glycerate C00198 D-Glucono-1,5-lactone C00199 D-Ribulose 5-phosphate C00204 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate C00221 beta-D-Glucose C00231 D-Xylulose 5-phosphate C00257 D-Gluconic acid C00258 D-Glycerate C00279 D-Erythrose 4-phosphate C00345 6-Phospho-D-gluconate C00354 D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate C00577 D-Glyceraldehyde C00620 alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate C00631 2-Phospho-D-glycerate C00668 alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate C00672 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate C00673 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate C01151 D-Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate C01172 beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate C01182 D-Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate C01218 6-Phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate C01236 D-Glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate C01801 Deoxyribose C02076 Sedoheptulose C03752 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate C04442 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate C05382 Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate C06019 D-arabino-Hex-3-ulose 6-phosphate C06473 2-Keto-D-gluconic acid C20589 D-Glucosaminate-6-phosphate REFERENCE AUTHORS Nishizuka Y (ed). TITLE [Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese) JOURNAL Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1980) REFERENCE AUTHORS Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds). TITLE [Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese) JOURNAL Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997) REFERENCE AUTHORS Michal G. TITLE Biochemical Pathways JOURNAL Wiley (1999) REFERENCE PMID:12700258 AUTHORS Hove-Jensen B, Rosenkrantz TJ, Haldimann A, Wanner BL. TITLE Escherichia coli phnN, encoding ribose 1,5-bisphosphokinase activity (phosphoribosyl diphosphate forming): dual role in phosphonate degradation and NAD biosynthesis pathways. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 185:2793-801 (2003) DOI:10.1128/JB.185.9.2793-2801.2003 REFERENCE PMID:16788179 AUTHORS Orita I, Sato T, Yurimoto H, Kato N, Atomi H, Imanaka T, Sakai Y TITLE The ribulose monophosphate pathway substitutes for the missing pentose phosphate pathway in the archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 188:4698-704 (2006) DOI:10.1128/JB.00492-06 REFERENCE PMID:16428816 AUTHORS Kato N, Yurimoto H, Thauer RK TITLE The physiological role of the ribulose monophosphate pathway in bacteria and archaea. JOURNAL Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 70:10-21 (2006) DOI:10.1271/bbb.70.10 REFERENCE PMID:23279921 AUTHORS Kouril T, Wieloch P, Reimann J, Wagner M, Zaparty M, Albers SV, Schomburg D, Ruoff P, Siebers B TITLE Unraveling the function of the two Entner-Doudoroff branches in the thermoacidophilic Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2. JOURNAL FEBS J 280:1126-38 (2013) DOI:10.1111/febs.12106 REFERENCE PMID:16458304 AUTHORS Reher M, Schonheit P TITLE Glyceraldehyde dehydrogenases from the thermoacidophilic euryarchaeota Picrophilus torridus and Thermoplasma acidophilum, key enzymes of the non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, constitute a novel enzyme family within the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. JOURNAL FEBS Lett 580:1198-204 (2006) DOI:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.01.029 REFERENCE PMID:20023024 AUTHORS Reher M, Fuhrer T, Bott M, Schonheit P TITLE The nonphosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway in the thermoacidophilic euryarchaeon Picrophilus torridus involves a novel 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate- specific aldolase. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 192:964-74 (2010) DOI:10.1128/JB.01281-09 REL_PATHWAY ko00010 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis ko00040 Pentose and glucuronate interconversions ko00052 Galactose metabolism ko00230 Purine metabolism ko00240 Pyrimidine metabolism ko00340 Histidine metabolism ko00630 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism ko00750 Vitamin B6 metabolism ///