ENTRY ko00030 Pathway NAME Pentose phosphate pathway DESCRIPTION The pentose phosphate pathway is a process of glucose turnover that produces NADPH as reducing equivalents and pentoses as essential parts of nucleotides. There are two different phases in the pathway. One is irreversible oxidative phase in which glucose-6P is converted to ribulose-5P by oxidative decarboxylation, and NADPH is generated [MD:M00006]. The other is reversible non-oxidative phase in which phosphorylated sugars are interconverted to generate xylulose-5P, ribulose-5P, and ribose-5P [MD:M00007]. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) formed from ribose-5P [MD:M00005] is an activated compound used in the biosynthesis of histidine and purine/pyrimidine nucleotides. This pathway map also shows the Entner-Doudoroff pathway where 6-P-gluconate is dehydrated and then cleaved into pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3P [MD:M00008]. CLASS Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism PATHWAY_MAP ko00030 Pentose phosphate pathway MODULE M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ko00030] M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:ko00030] M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:ko00030] M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ko00030] M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:ko00030] M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:ko00030] M00308 Semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate => glycerate-3P [PATH:ko00030] M00309 Non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate [PATH:ko00030] M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:ko00030] M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ko00030] M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:ko00030] M00633 Semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:ko00030] M00968 Pentose bisphosphate pathway (nucleoside degradation), archaea, nucleoside/NMP => 3-PGA/glycerone phosphate [PATH:ko00030] DBLINKS GO: 0006098 ORTHOLOGY K01810 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.9] K06859 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, archaeal [EC:5.3.1.9] K13810 transaldolase / glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:2.2.1.2 5.3.1.9] K15916 glucose/mannose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.9 5.3.1.8] K00036 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363] K19243 NAD+ dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.388] K01057 6-phosphogluconolactonase [EC:3.1.1.31] K07404 6-phosphogluconolactonase [EC:3.1.1.31] K13937 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.47 3.1.1.31] K00033 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.44 1.1.1.343] K01783 ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase [EC:5.1.3.1] K00615 transketolase [EC:2.2.1.1] K00616 transaldolase [EC:2.2.1.2] K01807 ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A [EC:5.3.1.6] K01808 ribose 5-phosphate isomerase B [EC:5.3.1.6] K13812 bifunctional enzyme Fae/Hps [EC:4.2.1.147 4.1.2.43] K08093 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase [EC:4.1.2.43] K08094 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase [EC:5.3.1.27] K13831 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase / 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase [EC:4.1.2.43 5.3.1.27] K11214 sedoheptulokinase [EC:2.7.1.14] K01621 xylulose-5-phosphate/fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase [EC:4.1.2.9 4.1.2.22] K01619 deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.4] K00852 ribokinase [EC:2.7.1.15] K01839 phosphopentomutase [EC:5.4.2.7] K22199 phosphopentomutase [EC:5.4.2.7] K01835 phosphoglucomutase [EC:5.4.2.2] K15778 phosphomannomutase / phosphoglucomutase [EC:5.4.2.8 5.4.2.2] K15779 phosphoglucomutase / phosphopentomutase [EC:5.4.2.2 5.4.2.7] K21056 alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate 5-kinase (ADP) [EC:2.7.1.212] K26208 alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate 5-kinase (ATP) [EC:2.7.1.239] K18237 ribose 1,5-bisphosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.29] K05774 ribose 1,5-bisphosphokinase [EC:2.7.4.23] K00948 ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase [EC:2.7.6.1] K01690 phosphogluconate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.12] K01625 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase / (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.14 4.1.3.42] K17463 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.14] K11395 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate/2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.55] K00131 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.2.1.9] K18978 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] [EC:1.2.1.90] K00034 glucose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.47] K22969 glucose 1-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.47] K21840 hexose oxidase [EC:1.1.3.5] K18124 glucose/galactose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.360] K18125 aldose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] [EC:1.1.1.359] K00115 glucose 1-dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) [EC:1.1.5.9] K19813 glucose dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.5.9] K00117 quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.5.2] K01053 gluconolactonase [EC:3.1.1.17] K06151 gluconate 2-dehydrogenase alpha chain [EC:1.1.99.3] K06152 gluconate 2-dehydrogenase gamma chain [EC:1.1.99.3] K00090 glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate/2-ketogluconate reductase [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81 1.1.1.215] K22229 2-ketogluconate reductase [EC:1.1.1.215] K11441 dehydrogluconokinase [EC:2.7.1.13] K00032 phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.43] K00851 gluconokinase [EC:2.7.1.12] K25031 gluconokinase [EC:2.7.1.12] K05308 gluconate/galactonate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.140] K00874 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconokinase [EC:2.7.1.45] K18126 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconokinase / 2-dehydro-3-deoxygalactonokinase [EC:2.7.1.178] K18127 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.51] K03738 aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.2.7.5] K18020 glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase large subunit [EC:1.2.99.8] K18021 glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase medium subunit [EC:1.2.99.8] K18022 glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase small subunit [EC:1.2.99.8] K18128 D-glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.2.1.89] K11529 glycerate 2-kinase [EC:2.7.1.165] K22345 glucosaminate ammonia-lyase [EC:4.3.1.9] K17464 D-glucosaminate PTS system EIIA component [EC:2.7.1.203] K17465 D-glucosaminate PTS system EIIB component [EC:2.7.1.203] K17466 D-glucosaminate PTS system EIIC component K17467 D-glucosaminate PTS system EIID component K17468 D-glucosaminate-6-phosphate ammonia-lyase [EC:4.3.1.29] K01623 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class I [EC:4.1.2.13] K11645 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class I [EC:4.1.2.13] K01624 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class II [EC:4.1.2.13] K01622 fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphatase [EC:4.1.2.13 3.1.3.11] K16305 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase / 6-deoxy-5-ketofructose 1-phosphate synthase [EC:4.1.2.13 2.2.1.11] K16306 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase / 2-amino-3,7-dideoxy-D-threo-hept-6-ulosonate synthase [EC:4.1.2.13 2.2.1.10] K03841 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase I [EC:3.1.3.11] K02446 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase II [EC:3.1.3.11] K11532 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase II / sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase [EC:3.1.3.11 3.1.3.37] K01086 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase I / sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase [EC:3.1.3.11 3.1.3.37] K04041 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase III [EC:3.1.3.11] K24182 6-phosphofructokinase [EC:2.7.1.11] K00850 6-phosphofructokinase 1 [EC:2.7.1.11] K16370 6-phosphofructokinase 2 [EC:2.7.1.11] K21071 ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase / diphosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase [EC:2.7.1.11 2.7.1.90] K00918 ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase/glucokinase [EC:2.7.1.146 2.7.1.147] K00895 diphosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase [EC:2.7.1.90] COMPOUND C00022 Pyruvate C00031 D-Glucose C00085 D-Fructose 6-phosphate C00117 D-Ribose 5-phosphate C00118 D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate C00119 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate C00121 D-Ribose C00197 3-Phospho-D-glycerate C00198 D-Glucono-1,5-lactone C00199 D-Ribulose 5-phosphate C00204 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate C00221 beta-D-Glucose C00231 D-Xylulose 5-phosphate C00257 D-Gluconic acid C00258 D-Glycerate C00279 D-Erythrose 4-phosphate C00345 6-Phospho-D-gluconate C00354 D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate C00577 D-Glyceraldehyde C00620 alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate C00631 2-Phospho-D-glycerate C00668 alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate C00672 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate C00673 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate C01151 D-Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate C01172 beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate C01182 D-Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate C01218 6-Phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate C01236 D-Glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate C01801 Deoxyribose C02076 Sedoheptulose C03752 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate C04442 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate C05382 Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate C06019 D-arabino-Hex-3-ulose 6-phosphate C06473 2-Keto-D-gluconic acid C20589 D-Glucosaminate-6-phosphate REFERENCE AUTHORS Nishizuka Y (ed). TITLE [Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese) JOURNAL Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1980) REFERENCE AUTHORS Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds). TITLE [Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese) JOURNAL Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997) REFERENCE AUTHORS Michal G. TITLE Biochemical Pathways JOURNAL Wiley (1999) REFERENCE PMID:12700258 AUTHORS Hove-Jensen B, Rosenkrantz TJ, Haldimann A, Wanner BL. TITLE Escherichia coli phnN, encoding ribose 1,5-bisphosphokinase activity (phosphoribosyl diphosphate forming): dual role in phosphonate degradation and NAD biosynthesis pathways. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 185:2793-801 (2003) DOI:10.1128/JB.185.9.2793-2801.2003 REFERENCE PMID:16788179 AUTHORS Orita I, Sato T, Yurimoto H, Kato N, Atomi H, Imanaka T, Sakai Y TITLE The ribulose monophosphate pathway substitutes for the missing pentose phosphate pathway in the archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 188:4698-704 (2006) DOI:10.1128/JB.00492-06 REFERENCE PMID:16428816 AUTHORS Kato N, Yurimoto H, Thauer RK TITLE The physiological role of the ribulose monophosphate pathway in bacteria and archaea. JOURNAL Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 70:10-21 (2006) DOI:10.1271/bbb.70.10 REFERENCE PMID:23279921 AUTHORS Kouril T, Wieloch P, Reimann J, Wagner M, Zaparty M, Albers SV, Schomburg D, Ruoff P, Siebers B TITLE Unraveling the function of the two Entner-Doudoroff branches in the thermoacidophilic Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2. JOURNAL FEBS J 280:1126-38 (2013) DOI:10.1111/febs.12106 REFERENCE PMID:16458304 AUTHORS Reher M, Schonheit P TITLE Glyceraldehyde dehydrogenases from the thermoacidophilic euryarchaeota Picrophilus torridus and Thermoplasma acidophilum, key enzymes of the non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, constitute a novel enzyme family within the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. JOURNAL FEBS Lett 580:1198-204 (2006) DOI:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.01.029 REFERENCE PMID:20023024 AUTHORS Reher M, Fuhrer T, Bott M, Schonheit P TITLE The nonphosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway in the thermoacidophilic euryarchaeon Picrophilus torridus involves a novel 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate- specific aldolase. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 192:964-74 (2010) DOI:10.1128/JB.01281-09 REL_PATHWAY ko00010 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis ko00040 Pentose and glucuronate interconversions ko00052 Galactose metabolism ko00230 Purine metabolism ko00240 Pyrimidine metabolism ko00340 Histidine metabolism ko00630 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism ko00750 Vitamin B6 metabolism ///