ENTRY hsa00053 Pathway NAME Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism - Homo sapiens (human) CLASS Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism PATHWAY_MAP hsa00053 Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism DBLINKS GO: 0019852 0019572 ORGANISM Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa] GENE 7358 UGDH; UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase [KO:K00012] [EC:1.1.1.22] 10941 UGT2A1; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member A1 complex locus [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 79799 UGT2A3; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member A3 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 7367 UGT2B17; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B17 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 10720 UGT2B11; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B11 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 54490 UGT2B28; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B28 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 54578 UGT1A6; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 54657 UGT1A4; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 54658 UGT1A1; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 54659 UGT1A3; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A3 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 7365 UGT2B10; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B10 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 54600 UGT1A9; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 7364 UGT2B7; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 54575 UGT1A10; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A10 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 54576 UGT1A8; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A8 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 54579 UGT1A5; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A5 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 7366 UGT2B15; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B15 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 54577 UGT1A7; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A7 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 7363 UGT2B4; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B4 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 574537 UGT2A2; UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member A2 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17] 2990 GUSB; glucuronidase beta [KO:K01195] [EC:3.2.1.31] 9365 KL; klotho [KO:K14756] [EC:3.2.1.31] 55586 MIOX; myo-inositol oxygenase [KO:K00469] [EC:1.13.99.1] 10327 AKR1A1; aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 [KO:K00002] [EC:1.1.1.2] 9104 RGN; regucalcin [KO:K01053] [EC:3.1.1.17] 217 ALDH2; aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3] 224 ALDH3A2; aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A2 [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3] 219 ALDH1B1; aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member B1 [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3] 501 ALDH7A1; aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1 [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3] 223 ALDH9A1; aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family member A1 [KO:K00149] [EC:1.2.1.47 1.2.1.3] COMPOUND C00022 Pyruvate C00026 2-Oxoglutarate C00029 UDP-glucose C00072 Ascorbate C00096 GDP-mannose C00137 myo-Inositol C00167 UDP-glucuronate C00191 D-Glucuronate C00216 D-Arabinose C00231 D-Xylulose 5-phosphate C00259 L-Arabinose C00333 D-Galacturonate C00433 2,5-Dioxopentanoate C00545 L-Arabinonate C00558 D-Tagaturonate C00617 UDP-D-galacturonate C00618 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate C00652 D-Arabinono-1,4-lactone C00679 5-Dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate C00684 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate C00800 L-Gulonate C00818 D-Glucarate C00878 D-Arabinonate C00879 D-Galactarate C01040 L-Gulono-1,4-lactone C01041 Monodehydroascorbate C01101 L-Ribulose 5-phosphate C01114 L-Arabinono-1,4-lactone C01115 L-Galactono-1,4-lactone C01146 2-Hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate C01620 Threonate C01825 L-Galactose C02280 GDP-L-galactose C02670 D-Glucuronolactone C03033 beta-D-Glucuronoside C03064 3-Dehydro-L-threonate C03289 L-xylo-Hexulonolactone C03291 L-Xylulose 5-phosphate C03826 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-xylonate C03921 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate C04037 1-Phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate C04575 (4R,5S)-4,5,6-Trihydroxy-2,3-dioxohexanoate C05385 D-Glucuronate 1-phosphate C05411 L-Xylonate C05412 L-Lyxonate C05422 Dehydroascorbate C06316 Dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone C14899 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate C15923 L-Gulose C15924 L-Gulose 1-phosphate C15925 GDP-L-gulose C15926 beta-L-Galactose 1-phosphate C15930 L-Galactonate C16186 L-Ascorbate 6-phosphate C20889 D-Galactaro-1,5-lactone C20896 D-Galactaro-1,4-lactone C21955 L-Galactono-1,5-lactone REFERENCE PMID:17222174 AUTHORS Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E TITLE Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals. JOURNAL FEBS J 274:1-22 (2007) DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x REFERENCE PMID:15564123 AUTHORS Valpuesta V, Botella MA. TITLE Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant. JOURNAL Trends Plant Sci 9:573-7 (2004) DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.002 REFERENCE PMID:10517845 AUTHORS Davey MW, Gilot C, Persiau G, Ostergaard J, Han Y, Bauw GC, Van Montagu MC. TITLE Ascorbate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis cell suspension culture. JOURNAL Plant Physiol 121:535-43 (1999) DOI:10.1104/pp.121.2.535 REFERENCE PMID:16595667 AUTHORS Conklin PL, Gatzek S, Wheeler GL, Dowdle J, Raymond MJ, Rolinski S, Isupov M, Littlechild JA, Smirnoff N. TITLE Arabidopsis thaliana VTC4 encodes L-galactose-1-P phosphatase, a plant ascorbic acid biosynthetic enzyme. JOURNAL J Biol Chem 281:15662-70 (2006) DOI:10.1074/jbc.M601409200 REFERENCE PMID:17462988 AUTHORS Linster CL, Gomez TA, Christensen KC, Adler LN, Young BD, Brenner C, Clarke SG. TITLE Arabidopsis VTC2 Encodes a GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase, the Last Unknown Enzyme in the Smirnoff-Wheeler Pathway to Ascorbic Acid in Plants. JOURNAL J Biol Chem 282:18879-85 (2007) DOI:10.1074/jbc.M702094200 REFERENCE PMID:14996803 AUTHORS Campos E, Baldoma L, Aguilar J, Badia J. TITLE Regulation of expression of the divergent ulaG and ulaABCDEF operons involved in LaAscorbate dissimilation in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 186:1720-8 (2004) DOI:10.1128/JB.186.6.1720-1728.2004 REFERENCE PMID:12644495 AUTHORS Zhang Z, Aboulwafa M, Smith MH, Saier MH Jr. TITLE The ascorbate transporter of Escherichia coli. JOURNAL J Bacteriol 185:2243-50 (2003) DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2243-2250.2003 REL_PATHWAY hsa00020 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) hsa00040 Pentose and glucuronate interconversions hsa00051 Fructose and mannose metabolism hsa00520 Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism hsa00630 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism KO_PATHWAY ko00053 /// ENTRY hsa00061 Pathway NAME Fatty acid biosynthesis - Homo sapiens (human) CLASS Metabolism; Lipid metabolism PATHWAY_MAP hsa00061 Fatty acid biosynthesis MODULE hsa_M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:hsa00061] hsa_M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:hsa00061] hsa_M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:hsa00061] hsa_M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:hsa00061] DRUG D11186 Olumacostat glasaretil (USAN/INN) D11640 Firsocostat (USAN/INN) D11902 Clesacostat (USAN) D11903 Clesacostat tromethamine (USAN) ORGANISM Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa] GENE 31 ACACA; acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha [KO:K11262] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15] 32 ACACB; acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta [KO:K01946] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15] 197322 ACSF3; acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 [KO:K18660] [EC:6.2.1.-] 27349 MCAT; malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [KO:K00645] [EC:2.3.1.39] 2194 FASN; fatty acid synthase [KO:K00665] [EC:2.3.1.85] 54995 OXSM; 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, mitochondrial [KO:K09458] [EC:2.3.1.179] 84869 CBR4; carbonyl reductase 4 [KO:K11539] [EC:1.1.1.-] 7923 HSD17B8; hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 8 [KO:K13370] [EC:1.1.1.62 1.1.1.239] 109703458 HTD2; hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase type 2 [KO:K22540] [EC:4.2.1.-] 51102 MECR; mitochondrial trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase [KO:K07512] [EC:1.3.1.- 1.3.1.38] 55301 OLAH; oleoyl-ACP hydrolase [KO:K01071] [EC:3.1.2.21] 23305 ACSL6; acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 6 [KO:K01897] [EC:6.2.1.3] 2182 ACSL4; acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 [KO:K01897] [EC:6.2.1.3] 2180 ACSL1; acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 [KO:K01897] [EC:6.2.1.3] 51703 ACSL5; acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5 [KO:K01897] [EC:6.2.1.3] 2181 ACSL3; acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3 [KO:K01897] [EC:6.2.1.3] 23205 ACSBG1; acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1 [KO:K15013] [EC:6.2.1.3] 81616 ACSBG2; acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 2 [KO:K15013] [EC:6.2.1.3] COMPOUND C00024 Acetyl-CoA C00083 Malonyl-CoA C00154 Palmitoyl-CoA C00173 Acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C00229 Acyl-carrier protein C00249 Hexadecanoic acid C00383 Malonate C00638 Long-chain fatty acid C00685 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C00693 trans-2,3-Dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C00712 (9Z)-Octadecenoic acid C01203 Oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C01209 Malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C01271 (3R)-3-Hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C01530 Octadecanoic acid C01571 Decanoic acid C02679 Dodecanoic acid C02843 Long-chain acyl-CoA C03939 Acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C04088 Octadecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C04180 cis-Dec-3-enoyl-[acp] C04246 But-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C04618 (3R)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C04619 (3R)-3-Hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C04620 (3R)-3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C04633 (3R)-3-Hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C04688 (3R)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C05223 Dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C05744 Acetoacetyl-[acp] C05745 Butyryl-[acp] C05746 3-Oxohexanoyl-[acp] C05747 (R)-3-Hydroxyhexanoyl-[acp] C05748 trans-Hex-2-enoyl-[acp] C05749 Hexanoyl-[acp] C05750 3-Oxooctanoyl-[acp] C05751 trans-Oct-2-enoyl-[acp] C05752 Octanoyl-[acp] C05753 3-Oxodecanoyl-[acp] C05754 trans-Dec-2-enoyl-[acp] C05755 Decanoyl-[acp] C05756 3-Oxododecanoyl-[acp] C05757 (R)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-[acp] C05758 trans-Dodec-2-enoyl-[acp] C05759 3-Oxotetradecanoyl-[acp] C05760 trans-Tetradec-2-enoyl-[acp] C05761 Tetradecanoyl-[acp] C05762 3-Oxohexadecanoyl-[acp] C05763 trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl-[acp] C05764 Hexadecanoyl-[acp] C06423 Octanoic acid C06424 Tetradecanoic acid C08362 (9Z)-Hexadecenoic acid C16219 3-Oxostearoyl-[acp] C16220 (R)-3-Hydroxyoctadecanoyl-[acp] C16221 (2E)-Octadecenoyl-[acp] C16520 Hexadecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C20683 Long-chain acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] C20794 n-7 Unsaturated acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] REFERENCE PMID:12061798 AUTHORS Salas JJ, Ohlrogge JB. TITLE Characterization of substrate specificity of plant FatA and FatB acyl-ACP thioesterases. JOURNAL Arch Biochem Biophys 403:25-34 (2002) DOI:10.1016/S0003-9861(02)00017-6 REFERENCE PMID:12518017 AUTHORS Zhang YM, Marrakchi H, White SW, Rock CO. TITLE The application of computational methods to explore the diversity and structure of bacterial fatty acid synthase. JOURNAL J Lipid Res 44:1-10 (2003) DOI:10.1194/jlr.R200016-JLR200 REFERENCE PMID:11337402 AUTHORS Voelker T, Kinney AJ. TITLE VARIATIONS IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF SEED-STORAGE LIPIDS. JOURNAL Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 52:335-361 (2001) DOI:10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.335 REFERENCE PMID:17573542 AUTHORS Barker GC, Larson TR, Graham IA, Lynn JR, King GJ. TITLE Novel insights into seed fatty acid synthesis and modification pathways from genetic diversity and quantitative trait Loci analysis of the Brassica C genome. JOURNAL Plant Physiol 144:1827-42 (2007) DOI:10.1104/pp.107.096172 REFERENCE PMID:30201289 AUTHORS Bowman CE, Wolfgang MJ TITLE Role of the malonyl-CoA synthetase ACSF3 in mitochondrial metabolism. JOURNAL Adv Biol Regul 71:34-40 (2019) DOI:10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.002 REFERENCE PMID:25203508 AUTHORS Venkatesan R, Sah-Teli SK, Awoniyi LO, Jiang G, Prus P, Kastaniotis AJ, Hiltunen JK, Wierenga RK, Chen Z TITLE Insights into mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis from the structure of heterotetrameric 3-ketoacyl-ACP reductase/3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. JOURNAL Nat Commun 5:4805 (2014) DOI:10.1038/ncomms5805 REFERENCE PMID:19686777 AUTHORS Hiltunen JK, Chen Z, Haapalainen AM, Wierenga RK, Kastaniotis AJ TITLE Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis--an adopted set of enzymes making a pathway of major importance for the cellular metabolism. JOURNAL Prog Lipid Res 49:27-45 (2010) DOI:10.1016/j.plipres.2009.08.001 REFERENCE PMID:27553474 AUTHORS Kastaniotis AJ, Autio KJ, Keratar JM, Monteuuis G, Makela AM, Nair RR, Pietikainen LP, Shvetsova A, Chen Z, Hiltunen JK TITLE Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis, fatty acids and mitochondrial physiology. JOURNAL Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 1862:39-48 (2017) DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.08.011 REL_PATHWAY hsa00020 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) hsa00062 Fatty acid elongation hsa00071 Fatty acid degradation hsa00410 beta-Alanine metabolism hsa00561 Glycerolipid metabolism hsa00564 Glycerophospholipid metabolism hsa00620 Pyruvate metabolism hsa00785 Lipoic acid metabolism KO_PATHWAY ko00061 ///