ENTRY eco00010 Pathway NAME Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis - Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 DESCRIPTION Glycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabolites: six-carbon compounds of glucose-6P and fructose-6P and three-carbon compounds of glycerone-P, glyceraldehyde-3P, glycerate-3P, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate [MD:M00001]. Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:M00307]. When the enzyme genes of this pathway are examined in completely sequenced genomes, the reaction steps of three-carbon compounds from glycerone-P to pyruvate form a conserved core module [MD:M00002], which is found in almost all organisms and which sometimes contains operon structures in bacterial genomes. Gluconeogenesis is a synthesis pathway of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It is essentially a reversal of glycolysis with minor variations of alternative paths [MD:M00003]. CLASS Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism PATHWAY_MAP eco00010 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis MODULE eco_M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:eco00010] eco_M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:eco00010] eco_M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:eco00010] eco_M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:eco00010] DBLINKS GO: 0006096 0006094 ORGANISM Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 [GN:eco] GENE b2388 glk; glucokinase [KO:K00845] [EC:2.7.1.2] b4025 pgi; glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [KO:K01810] [EC:5.3.1.9] b3916 pfkA; 6-phosphofructokinase 1 [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11] b1723 pfkB; 6-phosphofructokinase 2 [KO:K16370] [EC:2.7.1.11] b4232 fbp; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11] b3925 glpX; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 [KO:K02446] [EC:3.1.3.11] b2930 yggF; fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase YggF [KO:K02446] [EC:3.1.3.11] b2097 fbaB; fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class I [KO:K11645] [EC:4.1.2.13] b2925 fbaA; fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class II [KO:K01624] [EC:4.1.2.13] b3919 tpiA; triose-phosphate isomerase [KO:K01803] [EC:5.3.1.1] b1779 gapA; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12] b2926 pgk; phosphoglycerate kinase [KO:K00927] [EC:2.7.2.3] b0755 gpmA; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11] b4395 ytjC; putative phosphatase [KO:K15634] [EC:5.4.2.11] b3612 gpmM; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12] b2779 eno; enolase [KO:K01689] [EC:4.2.1.11] b1676 pykF; pyruvate kinase I [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40] b1854 pykA; pyruvate kinase II [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40] b1702 ppsA; phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase [KO:K01007] [EC:2.7.9.2] b0114 aceE; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component [KO:K00163] [EC:1.2.4.1] b0115 aceF; pyruvate dehydrogenase, E2 subunit [KO:K00627] [EC:2.3.1.12] b0116 lpd; lipoamide dehydrogenase [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4] b1378 ydbK; putative pyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase [KO:K03737] [EC:1.2.7.1 1.2.7.-] b0356 frmA; S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase [KO:K00121] [EC:1.1.1.284 1.1.1.1] b1241 adhE; fused acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase and iron-dependent alcohol dehydrogenasealdehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase AdhE [KO:K04072] [EC:1.2.1.10 1.1.1.1] b1478 adhP; ethanol dehydrogenase/alcohol dehydrogenase [KO:K13953] [EC:1.1.1.1] b3589 yiaY; L-threonine dehydrogenase [KO:K13954] [EC:1.1.1.1] b4269 ahr; NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase Ahr [KO:K12957] [EC:1.1.1.2 1.1.1.183] b0325 yahK; aldehyde reductase, NADPH-dependent [KO:K13979] [EC:1.1.1.2] b2453 eutG; putative alcohol dehydrogenase EutG [KO:K04022] b3588 aldB; aldehyde dehydrogenase B [KO:K00138] [EC:1.2.1.-] b4069 acs; acetyl-CoA synthetase (AMP-forming) [KO:K01895] [EC:6.2.1.1] b0756 galM; galactose-1-epimerase [KO:K01785] [EC:5.1.3.3] b3879 yihR; putative sulfoquinovose mutarotase YihR [KO:K01785] [EC:5.1.3.3] b1002 agp; glucose-1-phosphatase [KO:K01085] [EC:3.1.3.10] b3885 yihX; alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate phosphatase YihX [KO:K20866] [EC:3.1.3.10] b0688 pgm; phosphoglucomutase [KO:K01835] [EC:5.4.2.2] b1780 yeaD; putative aldose 1-epimerase YeaD [KO:K01792] [EC:5.1.3.15] b3403 pck; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) [KO:K01610] [EC:4.1.1.49] b1734 chbF; monoacetylchitobiose-6-phosphate hydrolase [KO:K01222] [EC:3.2.1.86] b2716 ascB; 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase AscB [KO:K01223] [EC:3.2.1.86] b2901 bglA; 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase A [KO:K01223] [EC:3.2.1.86] b3721 bglB; 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase B [KO:K01223] [EC:3.2.1.86] b2417 crr; Enzyme IIA(Glc) [KO:K02777] [EC:2.7.1.-] b1101 ptsG; glucose-specific PTS enzyme IIBC component [KO:K02779] [EC:2.7.1.199] b1621 malX; PTS enzyme IIBC component MalX [KO:K02791] [EC:2.7.1.199 2.7.1.208] b2715 ascF; beta-glucoside specific PTS enzyme IIBC component [KO:K02753] [EC:2.7.1.-] COMPOUND C00022 Pyruvate C00024 Acetyl-CoA C00031 D-Glucose C00033 Acetate C00036 Oxaloacetate C00068 Thiamin diphosphate C00074 Phosphoenolpyruvate C00084 Acetaldehyde C00085 D-Fructose 6-phosphate C00103 D-Glucose 1-phosphate C00111 Glycerone phosphate C00118 D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate C00186 (S)-Lactate C00197 3-Phospho-D-glycerate C00221 beta-D-Glucose C00236 3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate C00267 alpha-D-Glucose C00354 D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate C00469 Ethanol C00631 2-Phospho-D-glycerate C00668 alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate C01159 2,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate C01172 beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate C01451 Salicin C05125 2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate C06186 Arbutin C06187 Arbutin 6-phosphate C06188 Salicin 6-phosphate C15972 Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine C15973 Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine C16255 [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine REFERENCE AUTHORS Nishizuka Y (ed). TITLE [Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese) JOURNAL Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1980) REFERENCE AUTHORS Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds). TITLE [Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese) JOURNAL Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997) REFERENCE AUTHORS Michal G. TITLE Biochemical Pathways JOURNAL Wiley (1999) REL_PATHWAY eco00020 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) eco00030 Pentose phosphate pathway eco00500 Starch and sucrose metabolism eco00620 Pyruvate metabolism eco00640 Propanoate metabolism KO_PATHWAY ko00010 ///